[5] Later on, growing separatism within the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija, a region of Serbia heavily populated by ethnic Albanians, resulted in an insurrection by the Kosovo Liberation Army, an Albanian separatist group. [23] Violence between ethnic Serbs and Bosniaks soon broke out. He was also president of the Council of Ministers of Serbia and Montenegro.

On 26 December 1991, Serbia, Montenegro, and the Serb rebel-held territories in Croatia agreed that they would form a new "third Yugoslavia".

It is important to note that the Montenegrin population often considered themselves as Serbs.[80]. In the aftermath of the Kosovo War, a low level insurgency continued in parts of Southern Serbia, which had Albanian minorities. Because of that, the country was under economic and political sanctions. [82] However the parliament failed to vote on the proposal within the legal time-frame and the flag was not adopted. '[31], In 1995, following Operation Storm, a military offensive by the Croatian Army, and NATO involvement in the Bosnian War, President Slobodan Miloevi agreed to negotiate, as the Serbian position within Bosnia had become substantially worse.

[76] However, this situation changed after 1997 when Miloevi's second and last legal term as Serbian President ended. The average income of inhabitants of FR Yugoslavia was halved from $3,000 to $1,500. The next to follow was the Montenegrin boyband No Name. The 1998 World Cup appearance in France was accompanied with plenty of expectation and quiet confidence as the team was considered[by whom?] [58] The Serbian government attributed 1,953 Serbian, 361 Albanian and 266 other civilian deaths or disappearances from 1 January 1998 - 1 November 2001 to Albanian terrorism in Kosovo-Metohija. [40][41], On top of this, starting in 1992 and until 1994, the Yugoslav dinar experienced a major hyperinflation, leading to inflation reaching 313 million percent,[42] the second worst hyperinflation in history. The country debuted in the Eurovision Song Contest under the name Serbia and Montenegro in 2004, when eljko Joksimovi got second place. Following the dissolution of the Union between Serbia and Montenegro, units from each army were assigned to the independent republics of Serbia and Montenegro, as recruitment in the army was on a local, rather than Federal, level. Votes 13-0 for Embargo on Trade with Yugoslavia; Air Travel and Oil Curbed", "Security Council Decides on Phased Lifting of Arms Embargo Against Former Yugoslavia by Vote of 14 to None, With Russian Federation Abstaining", "German currency leaves its mark across the Balkans", "12/13/00 Committee on the Judiciary - Mutschke Testimony", "Articles on KLA-Kosovo-Drugs-Mafia and Fundraising", "CIA Aided Kosovo Guerrilla Army All Along", "KLA: From Guerilla Wars to Party Plenums", "FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF YUGOSLAVIA ABUSES AGAINST SERBS AND ROMA IN THE NEW KOSOVO", "Victims of the Albanian terrorism in Kosovo-Metohija (Killed, kidnapped, and missing persons, January 1998 - November 2001)", "Ian Bancroft: Nato's bombardment of Serbia was an important precursor to the invasion of Iraq", "Was the Serbian TV station really a legitimate target? [8] Kosovo declared independence in 2008. [3] An estimated 3 million Yugoslavs (Serbs and Montenegrins) lived below the poverty line,[3] suicide rates increased by 22%[38] and hospitals lacked basic equipment. After Slobodan Miloevi was elected President of Yugoslavia in 1997, having served his maximum two terms as President of Serbia, he ordered JNA units to move into Kosovo to aid in the suppression of the insurrection. osi was replaced by Zoran Lili who served from 1993 to 1997, and then followed by Miloevi becoming Yugoslav President in 1997 after his last legal term as Serbian president ended in 1997. [17] The native name of Yugoslavia remained the same in all South Slavic languages, spoken within the country. Serbia and Montenegro were represented by a single national team in the 2006 FIFA World Cup tournament, despite having formally split just weeks prior to its start. NATO responded in March 1999 by ordering airstrikes against Yugoslav military targets and infrastructure, including roads, railroads, administrative buildings and the headquarters of Radio Television Serbia. Further damage to Yugoslavia's infrastructure and industry caused by the Kosovo War left the economy only half the size it was in 1990. Arrangements with the IMF, especially requirements for fiscal discipline, were an important element in policy formation. The damage to FR Yugoslavia was immense, with the government estimating $100 billion in infrastructure damage,[65] as well as 1,200 Serbian and Albanian civilians or soldiers confirmed dead. United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244 led to substantial autonomy for Kosovo, and the establishment of a UN mission to Kosovo, as well as the complete withdrawal of units of the Yugoslav National Army. The complexity of the FRY's political relationships, slow progress in privatisation, and stagnation in the European economy were detrimental to the economy. In the highly charged atmosphere of the OAKA Indoor Arena, the FR Yugoslav team demonstrated its versatility, using defensive prowess in that game to pull off a famous eight-point win, in a tense, low-scoring 6052 game. Svetozar Marovi was the first and last President of Serbia and Montenegro until its breakup in 2006. After the sanctions were lifted, the national team qualified for two FIFA World Cupsin 1998 as FR Yugoslavia and in 2006 as Serbia and Montenegro. [25][26] However, the Government of FR Yugoslavia would treat these republics as separate entities, and gave unofficial, rather than active, aid by transferring control of units from the JNA to the secessionist movements. They played their last ever international on 21 June 2006, a 32 loss to Ivory Coast. E763/E761 was the most important route connecting Serbia with Montenegro. [35][36], Following the adoption of economic sanctions by the international community against FR Yugoslavia, its economy experienced a collapse. He then had himself elected Federal President, thus entrenching the power that he already de facto held.[77]. The valley is by far the easiest land route from continental Europe to Greece and Asia Minor. The territory between Kosovo and Vojvodina was called Central Serbia. [4] FR Yugoslavia's involvement in the Yugoslav Wars ended with the Dayton Agreement, which recognized the independence of the Republics of Croatia, Slovenia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as establishing diplomatic relationships between the states, and a guaranteed role of the Serbian population within Bosnian politics. In the early 1990s, the FRY suffered from hyperinflation of the Yugoslav dinar.

Its aspirations to be the sole legal successor state to SFR Yugoslavia were not recognized by the United Nations, following the passing of United Nations Security Council Resolution 777,[2] which affirmed that the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia had ceased to exist, and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was a new state. [62] NATO's bombing campaign was not approved by the UN Security Council, for fear of a veto by Russia, which would cause controversy as to its legality. In February 2003, FR Yugoslavia was transformed from a federal republic to a political union until Montenegro seceded from the union in June 2006, leading to the full independence of both Serbia and Montenegro. [56] 169,824 Serb and Romani civilians were estimated by the UNHCR's Belgrade office to have fled from Kosovo to Serbia and Montenegro by 20 June 1999. For other uses, see, For the relations of the modern-day sovereign states of Serbia and Montenegro, see, "Federal Republic of Yugoslavia" redirects here. The new state also established the office of the president, held by a single person, initially appointed with the consent of the republics of Serbia and Montenegro until 1997 after which the president was democratically elected. [clarification needed], Even when Serbia and Montenegro was known officially as the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia or Yugoslavia for short, some nations, such as the United States or European Union member states, had referred to it as Serbia and Montenegro[18] as their governments viewed its claim to Yugoslavia's successorship as illegitimate.

The final squad was made up of players born in both Serbia and Montenegro. According to the 1992 census, the Federal Republic had 10,394,026 inhabitants. The large Albanian population was chiefly concentrated in Kosovo, with smaller populations in the Preevo Valley, and in the Ulcinj municipality in Montenegro. Following the transfer of Yugoslav Army units, the state of FR Yugoslavia ceased to play an important military role in the Yugoslav Wars, barring conflicts on the border with Croatia, such as the Siege of Dubrovnik. [83] Another legal deadline passed and no state anthem was adopted. After the federation was reconstituted as a State Union, the new Assembly of the State Union was created. Competences of cities and their municipalities were divided. The KLA found itself heavily outnumbered and outgunned in open combat, and had to use guerrilla tactics. Throughout its existence, FR Yugoslavia had a tense relationship with the international community, as economic sanctions[3] were issued against the state during the course of the Yugoslav Wars and Kosovo War. In 2004, Montenegro adopted a radically different flag, as its independence-leaning government sought to distance itself from Serbia.

There were accusations of vote fraud and Yugoslav citizens took to the streets and engaged in riots in Belgrade demanding that Miloevi be removed from power. It was unicameral and was made up of 126 deputies, of which 91 were from Serbia and 35 were from Montenegro. Serbia was divided into 195 municipalities and 4 cities, which were the basic units of local autonomy. Serbia and Montenegro was represented after its formal dissolution in the Miss Earth 2006 pageant by a single delegate, Dubravka Skoric.

The country's other principal cities were Novi Sad, Ni, Kragujevac, Podgorica, Subotica, Pristina, and Prizren, each with populations of about 100,000250,000 people.

After the formation of the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro, the Yugoslav tricolour was to be replaced by a new compromise flag. Serious proposals for the coat of arms were never put forward, probably because the coat of arms of the FRY, adopted in 1994 combining Serbian and Montenegrin heraldic elements, was considered adequate.

The governments of FR Yugoslavia and the US declared the Kosovo Liberation Army a terrorist organisation, following repeated deadly attacks against Yugoslav law enforcement agencies.

Following the World Cup, this team has been inherited by Serbia, while a new one was to be organized to represent Montenegro in future international competitions. Serbia continued to use the Yugoslav Dinar, renaming it the Serbian Dinar.

In 2006, the year of Montenegrin independence, the country Serbia and Montenegro did not have a representative due to the scandal in Evropesma 2006, but was still able to vote in both the semi-final and the final. [19] The 2003 constitution stated that the name of the state was simply "Serbia and Montenegro".[20]. to be one of the tournament's dark horses due to being stacked with proven world-class players such as 29-year-old Predrag Mijatovi, 33-year-old Dragan Stojkovi, 29-year-old Sinia Mihajlovi, 28-year-old Vladimir Jugovi, and 31-year-old Dejan Savievi, as well as emerging 19-year-old youngster Dejan Stankovi, and tall 24-year-old target forwards Savo Miloevi and Darko Kovaevi. In 2006, the referendum was called, and passed,[15] by a narrow margin. [23] Miloevic continued negotiations with Zulfikarpai to include Bosnia within a new Yugoslavia, however efforts to include the whole of Bosnia within a new Yugoslavia effectively terminated by late 1991 as Izetbegovi planned to hold a referendum on independence while the Bosnian Serbs and Bosnian Croats formed autonomous territories.

Serbia and Montenegro (Serbian: C , Srbija i Crna Gora), officially known as the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro (Serbian: , Dravna Zajednica Srbija i Crna Gora) was a country in Southeast Europe located in the Balkans that existed from 1992 to 2006, following the breakup of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia which bordered Hungary to the north, Romania to the northeast, Bulgaria to the southeast, Macedonia to the south, Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina to the west, and Albania to the southwest. [27] In this way, FR Yugoslavia avoided potential accusations of committing acts of aggression against the breakaway republics recognised by the international community.

During that time, FR Yugoslavia was not allowed to compete at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, the 1993 EuroBasket, and also the 1994 FIBA World Championship, which was originally supposed to be hosted by Belgrade, before being taken away from the city and moved to Toronto, Canada. [53] Serbian police and JNA units attacked KLA outposts, attempting to destroy them, as KLA units attempted to avoid direct confrontation and use terrorist attacks, including bombings and ambushes, to weaken Yugoslav control. The Republic of Serbia was then and is still today divided into 29 districts (17 in Central Serbia, 7 in Vojvodina and 5 in Kosovo, which are now defunct), while the city of Belgrade presents a district of its own.