Her main interests include Egyptian language and Egypt in the "Late Period" (1st millennium B.C.). << /Contents 189 0 R /CropBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /Parent 17 0 R /Resources 190 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page >> 150 0 obj << /Contents 391 0 R /CropBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /Parent 27 0 R /Resources 392 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page >> << /Count 10 /Kids [ 84 0 R 85 0 R 86 0 R 87 0 R 88 0 R 89 0 R 90 0 R 91 0 R 92 0 R 93 0 R ] /Parent 10 0 R /Type /Pages >> << /Contents 323 0 R /CropBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /Parent 23 0 R /Resources 324 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page >>

173 0 obj % 20 0 obj 83 0 obj There is little convincing evidence for polygamy, except by the king, but extensive evidence for "serial monogamy." endobj << /Contents 251 0 R /CropBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /Parent 20 0 R /Resources 252 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page >> endobj 121 0 obj That women very rarely did serve on juries or as witnesses to legal documents is a result of social factors, not legal ones. << /Contents 291 0 R /CropBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /Parent 22 0 R /Resources 292 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page >> << /Contents 345 0 R /CropBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /Parent 24 0 R /Resources 346 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page >> 77 0 obj 39 0 obj endobj << /Contents 371 0 R /CropBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /Parent 26 0 R /Resources 372 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page >>

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149 0 obj 169 0 obj 30 0 obj endobj 34 0 obj << /Contents 361 0 R /CropBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /Parent 25 0 R /Resources 362 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page >> In ancient Egypt all law was given from above; there was no "legislature" which would draft "legislation." 152 0 obj The preserved portion of the first Late Period story of Setne Khaemwast tells how Ahure and Na-nefer-ka-Ptah fell in love and wanted to marry. << /Contents 377 0 R /CropBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /Parent 26 0 R /Resources 378 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page >> endobj << /Contents 257 0 R /CropBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /Parent 20 0 R /Resources 258 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page >> << /Contents 249 0 R /CropBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /Parent 20 0 R /Resources 250 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page >> 37 0 obj 106 0 obj << /Count 10 /Kids [ 134 0 R 135 0 R 136 0 R 137 0 R 138 0 R 139 0 R 140 0 R 141 0 R 142 0 R 143 0 R ] /Parent 11 0 R /Type /Pages >> Vi 8|6q.q_ &U(P(J(d*_GuT(rmw8|{X{Fp>R!$3o=93,\iYgDIn-Z>HJ`O)ybE0{_Cp{JW2E:`E6q_]_IR4.>{mZdmJrEVFpf2\`6W|ifvh nae )Yafa|n'0Cl6ZM`?6{#kJ{Kwa:s&cOv.UypY%" RDss&/Inl{OjawTUbk6zlha+pkWSPKl$UXG|#b$g 42 0 obj There is a fair amount of Old Kingdom evidence for women in the economy or "public sphere," including women shown as merchants in market scenes and women acting as priestesses, especially for the goddess Hathor. << /Contents 269 0 R /CropBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /Parent 21 0 R /Resources 270 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page >> endobj endobj 60 0 obj 153 0 obj << /Contents 209 0 R /CropBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /Parent 18 0 R /Resources 210 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page >> << /Contents 397 0 R /CropBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /Parent 27 0 R /Resources 398 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page >> r kum 33 0 obj

endobj << /Contents 415 0 R /CropBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /Parent 28 0 R /Resources 416 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page >> << /Contents 205 0 R /CropBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /Parent 17 0 R /Resources 206 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page >> endobj endstream Thus, in case of divorce, the husband had to repay the value, not return the specific items. 123 0 obj Janet H. Johnson, professor of Egyptology in the Oriental Institute and department of Near Eastern languages and civilizations at the University of Chicago, is also a member of the university committees on the ancient Mediterranean world, Jewish studies, and gender studies. endobj endobj 61 0 obj 116 0 obj Although there are examples where the wife of a couple is stronger or more important than the husband (by family, fortune, or personality), most Egyptians tended to marry a person from their own social class; thus, a woman frequently would marry a man in the same or similar profession as her father and brother(s). As such, they were extremely advantageous to the wife and one may assume that the woman and her family exerted as much pressure as they could to ensure that the husband made such a contract. The earliest contracts of which we have record are imyt pr documents, literally "that which is in the house." endobj 137 0 obj << /Contents 357 0 R /CropBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /Parent 25 0 R /Resources 358 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page >> 16 0 obj << /A 167 0 R /Next 15 0 R /Parent 4 0 R /Prev 168 0 R /Title (APPENDIX C) >> IIRJ endobj << /Contents 231 0 R /CropBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /Parent 19 0 R /Resources 232 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page >> However, not all people follow the set laws, and when they dont the legal system that has been set in place will tell what punishment will be given to the law breakers. endobj If a man divorced his wife, he had to return her dowry (if she had brought one) and pay her a fine; if she divorced him, there was no fine. << /A 12 0 R /Next 13 0 R /Parent 4 0 R /Title (Title page) >> Although women sometimes helped their husbands with their jobs (whether the equivalent of the modern "mom and pop store" or the wife filling in for her husband when the husband was "on the road") and although women had ways of acquiring some wealth through their own initiative (especially through textile production), they needed some assurance that the father of their children would provide for their (hers and their children's) material future. The Oriental Institute(www-oi.uchicago.edu/). Although only Party A spoke, Party B had the right to accept or refuse the contract, thus making these agreements bilateral and binding on both parties. << /Contents 179 0 R /CropBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /Parent 16 0 R /Resources 180 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page >>

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This is in sharp contrast with other ancient "marriage documents," whether these documents were purely economic or also embedded social concerns. endobj endobj 26 0 obj endobj endobj Of the 2,110 parcels of land for which the name of the owner is preserved, women are listed as owners of 228, just over 10 percent; the land frequently is described as being worked by their children. Much of the New Kingdom evidence for the economic role of women comes from documents reflecting their dealings with both men and women. endobj << /Count 10 /Kids [ 64 0 R 65 0 R 66 0 R 67 0 R 68 0 R 69 0 R 70 0 R 71 0 R 72 0 R 73 0 R ] /Parent 10 0 R /Type /Pages >> She had to swear an oath before the judges in the names of the god Amon and the Ruler. 114 0 obj 82 0 obj << /Contents 373 0 R /CropBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /Parent 26 0 R /Resources 374 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page >> For instance, a man might give a gift to his prospective father-in-law, which could be interpreted as "buying" the man's daughter as wife. Keep her from power, restrain her--her eye is her storm when she gazes.

endobj The great disparity between the social and legal status of women can be observed in both documentary and literary materials. endobj 59 0 obj endobj She is the director of the Chicago Demotic Dictionary Project and director of the Egyptian Reading Book Project. << /Contents 359 0 R /CropBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /Parent 25 0 R /Resources 360 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page >> endobj endobj << /Contents 313 0 R /CropBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /Parent 23 0 R /Resources 314 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page >> << /Contents 393 0 R /CropBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /Parent 27 0 R /Resources 394 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page >> << /Contents 319 0 R /CropBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /Parent 23 0 R /Resources 320 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page >> 89 0 obj endobj To resolve potential disputes before they might arise, the somewhat practical or pragmatic expediency was chosen of making it incumbent on the father to secure the permission of his older children, who stood to lose part of their inheritance. 161 0 obj endobj 12 0 obj

107 0 obj 48 0 obj Differences in social status between individuals are evident in almost all products of this ancient culture: its art, its texts, its archaeological record. 133 0 obj endobj << /A 30 0 R /Next 31 0 R /Parent 4 0 R /Prev 7 0 R /Title (Declaration) >> << /Contents 321 0 R /CropBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /Parent 23 0 R /Resources 322 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page >> endobj endobj endobj endobj << /Contents 281 0 R /CropBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /Parent 21 0 R /Resources 282 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page >> endobj

In the textual record, men were distinguished by the type of job they held, and from which they derived status, "clout," and income. These public records made it possible for the state to know who was responsible for paying taxes on the land; the documents were also available for consultation in any subsequent lawsuit. 108 0 obj He lists the value of all the expensive property that she brought with her to the marriage, he notes that he will give her an amount of money as a "bridal gift," and he declares that, if they divorce (and whether the divorce was instigated by him or by her), he must give her money equivalent to the full value of everything which he had mentioned; if he doesn't give her all the money, then he must (continue to) feed and clothe her (the amounts of grain, oil, and money for clothing which he must provide every month are spelled out) until he does give her the full amount in silver. Egyptian women were able to acquire, to own, and to dispose of property (both real and personal) in their own name.

21 0 obj The end of the papyrus recording the court case is lost, but it is clear that the woman Iry-nefret acted on her own in purchasing the servant-girl and was held solely liable for her actions while the testimony of both women and men was held by the judges to be equally admissible. 126 0 obj endobj << /Contents 411 0 R /CropBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /Parent 28 0 R /Resources 412 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page >> << /Contents 341 0 R /CropBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /Parent 24 0 R /Resources 342 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page >> 146 0 obj endobj This pattern fits with the observation that agreement and resolution of conflict, rather than "abstract justice," often seem to have been the aim of Egyptian court decisions. << /Contents 259 0 R /CropBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /Parent 20 0 R /Resources 260 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page >> 155 0 obj 151 0 obj endobj << /Count 10 /Kids [ 29 0 R 35 0 R 36 0 R 37 0 R 38 0 R 39 0 R 40 0 R 41 0 R 42 0 R 43 0 R ] /Parent 10 0 R /Type /Pages >> ).f << /Count 10 /Kids [ 44 0 R 45 0 R 46 0 R 47 0 R 48 0 R 49 0 R 50 0 R 51 0 R 52 0 R 53 0 R ] /Parent 10 0 R /Type /Pages >> The ancient Egyptian concept of adultery consisted of a married person having sex with someone other than that person's spouse. 56 0 obj 87 0 obj << /D [ 36 0 R /FitH 846 ] /S /GoTo >> endobj 167 0 obj But basically marriage was an agreement by two people, and their families, that they would live together (hms irm), establish a household (grg pr), and have a family. << /Contents 261 0 R /CropBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /Parent 20 0 R /Resources 262 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page >> Call 24/7 to discuss your best defense strategy (619) 486-5020. endobj 98 0 obj 41 0 obj 64 0 obj 96 0 obj 134 0 obj << /Contents 265 0 R /CropBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /Parent 20 0 R /Resources 266 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page >> endobj But the gift which a man might give to his future father-in-law has also been analyzed as serving to break the bonds of the woman with her biological family, so that the new couple could establish their own family as the center of their life and loyalty. endobj << /D [ 157 0 R /FitH 846 ] /S /GoTo >> This brief overview on women's rights, which has necessarily omitted many questions and much detail, only touches upon the complexities of this ancient culture, where women's remarkable legal equality and ability to own and dispose of property must be seen in the light of the social world in which they lived--a world dominated, at least in the range of records which have been preserved for us, by men and men's concerns. endobj << /Count 10 /Kids [ 144 0 R 145 0 R 146 0 R 147 0 R 148 0 R 149 0 R 150 0 R 151 0 R 152 0 R 153 0 R ] /Parent 11 0 R /Type /Pages >> endobj 128 0 obj 84 0 obj endobj

All, From Ancient Egypt to Today History of Law and the Legal System. endobj endobj endobj H1@U4zP,Fp,N}uPG Gx+a|B^ 3(;FapT W/y,e5rX%ed5&>,!-ArNaJ'sy 0 Ym7 << /Author (Djagegjj) /CreationDate (D:20061101104605+02'00') /Creator (PScript5.dll Version 5.2) /ModDate (D:20061101105119+02'00') /Producer (Acrobat Distiller 6.0 \(Windows\)) /Title (Microsoft Word - NVB 20060905 FINAL.doc) >> << /Contents 369 0 R /CropBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /Parent 26 0 R /Resources 370 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page >> 44 0 obj endobj endobj 117 0 obj endobj

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127 0 obj endobj It has been suggested that the "bridal gift" (in this case 20 pieces of silver), and similarly the earlier fine imposed on a husband who divorces his wife, was intended as a deterrent to the man's divorcing his wife. << /A 33 0 R /Next 8 0 R /Parent 4 0 R /Prev 34 0 R /Title (APPENDIX D) >> << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 661 >> << /Contents 217 0 R /CropBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /Parent 18 0 R /Resources 218 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page >> and Restrictions. 171 0 obj H|Tn0+H52m3%AOZ@{Y>mb ~`Uep FV << /Contents 301 0 R /CropBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /Parent 22 0 R /Resources 302 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page >> 14 0 obj endobj 6 0 obj 139 0 obj That the government was also perfectly willing to deal with women is indicated by Papyrus Wilbour, a long text recording "taxes" due on farmland; each piece of land is identified by owner and (if different) by the person working the land. << /Count 10 /Kids [ 114 0 R 115 0 R 116 0 R 117 0 R 118 0 R 119 0 R 120 0 R 121 0 R 122 0 R 123 0 R ] /Parent 10 0 R /Type /Pages >> 157 0 obj << /Contents 199 0 R /CropBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /Parent 17 0 R /Resources 200 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page >> endobj << /Contents 219 0 R /CropBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /Parent 18 0 R /Resources 220 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page >> 159 0 obj << /Contents 297 0 R /CropBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /Parent 22 0 R /Resources 298 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page >> endobj 43 0 obj

Women were also frequently identified by giving the name and titles of their husband or father, from whom, presumably, they derived their social status. endobj endobj CJ /0cr`xp|0ROqw;/E,dblvo%K_Fb 0O"^oOQD ,iObfH?]TEu:x*jU}*Upz?! We hope this collection will provide you with information about the interesting history of law. 76 0 obj endobj << /Contents 161 0 R /CropBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /Parent 16 0 R /Resources 162 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page >> 32 0 obj << /Contents 325 0 R /CropBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /Parent 23 0 R /Resources 326 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page >> << /Contents 221 0 R /CropBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /Parent 18 0 R /Resources 222 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page >> << /Contents 275 0 R /CropBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /Parent 21 0 R /Resources 276 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page >> endobj 118 0 obj 10 0 obj endobj

Since even remarriage after the death of a first wife could lead to wrangling over property and inheritance rights, a bitter divorce and remarriage could lead to major legal contests. 129 0 obj There is no evidence for any legal or religious ceremony establishing the marriage, although there was probably a party. In one case, a woman named Iry-nefret was charged with illegally using silver and a tomb belonging to a woman named Bak-Mut to help pay for the purchase of a servant-girl. After divorce, both were free to remarry. To learn more about the history of law and the legal system that we know, we have included a number of educational and informational resources. << /Contents 347 0 R /CropBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /Parent 25 0 R /Resources 348 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page >> << /Subtype /XML /Type /Metadata /Length 3386 >> << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 1437 >>

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<< /Contents 355 0 R /CropBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /Parent 25 0 R /Resources 356 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page >> << /Contents 409 0 R /CropBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /Parent 28 0 R /Resources 410 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page >> << /Contents 171 0 R /CropBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /Parent 16 0 R /Resources 172 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page >> But if a husband sold or otherwise disposed of a piece of joint property (or of any of his wife's property which she brought with her to the marriage), he was legally liable to provide his wife with something of equal value. })N{32WyPvCaWv,QY"93#}[$ UF99 Vh, i" << /Contents 309 0 R /CropBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /Parent 23 0 R /Resources 310 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page >> This distinction between the legal status of women in ancient Egypt and their public or social status is of major importance in understanding how the Egyptian system actually worked. << /Contents 351 0 R /CropBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /Parent 25 0 R /Resources 352 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page >> 66 0 obj %PDF-1.7 endobj Iry-nefret was brought to court and told in her own words how she acquired the girl, listing all the items which she gave the merchant as price for the girl and identifying the individuals from whom she bought some of the items used in this purchase. Marriage in ancient Egypt was a totally private affair in which the state took no interest and of which the state kept no record. << /Contents 169 0 R /CropBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /Parent 16 0 R /Resources 170 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page >> Because Egyptian women were full participants in the legal system, not chattel and not dependent on a man to handle their legal concerns for them, such contracts were made by the husband directly with the wife, not her father or any other man on her behalf. 145 0 obj

endobj Over time many important changes have taken place, with many advancements taking place during the time of the Roman Empire and the Middle Ages. << /Contents 247 0 R /CropBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /Parent 20 0 R /Resources 248 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page >> The same vocabulary was used for both women and men. Contracts were written copies of oral agreements in which Party A spoke to Party B in the presence of witnesses and a (professional) scribe who copied down (and put into "legalese") the words of Party A. endobj 130 0 obj 105 0 obj 55 0 obj << /Contents 229 0 R /CropBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /Parent 19 0 R /Resources 230 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page >> $pvIE&V8/18PA&! ']/2ZD^H)+,^"}N_agw#NU;n/ ]D_\Zv\(U;%w#]-M@n"R8[cUl)Uwd/ P5UA^6dkHkPw&m?'v^HG2t5wcfb ,`YyTPz7sa7x*+;buGMdHdms^eYdFDCM~ endobj << /Contents 283 0 R /CropBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /Parent 21 0 R /Resources 284 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page >> << /Contents 241 0 R /CropBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /Parent 19 0 R /Resources 242 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page >> But it seems clear that, until the husband has returned his wife's dowry and paid her the fine, or until she has accepted it, the husband remained liable for supporting her, even if they were no longer living together. << /Contents 243 0 R /CropBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /Parent 19 0 R /Resources 244 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page >> endobj endobj 47 0 obj endobj Please feel free to review and share this information with others looking for information. Gladden her heart as long as you live; she is a fertile field for her lord. The contract is confirmed by the husband's father: since the husband would not actually come into ownership of the property to be inherited from his father until his father's death, the father must confirm that he approves of his son's marriage and will not use this marriage as an excuse to disown his son (thereby leaving the son's new wife high and dry). 86 0 obj They were not intended to establish the social/personal rights and responsibilities of either party toward the other, as did both the Greek and Aramaic Jewish marriage contracts preserved from first millennium Egypt. It should be noted that the Egyptians not only had a concept of private property, they also developed a concept of "joint property," property acquired by a married couple during their marriage. Their parents agreed, so Ahure was taken to Na-nefer-ka-Ptah's house, people (especially the father of the bride) gave presents, there was a big party, the two slept together, and then they lived together and had a child. endobj Thus, normally a married woman was supported by her husband for as long as they remained married and his property was entailed for their children.

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These contracts frequently have been identified as "wills," but a better translation is "(land) transfer document." << /Contents 193 0 R /CropBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /Parent 17 0 R /Resources 194 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page >> But most women did not hold jobs outside the home and consequently were usually referred to by more generic titles such as "mistress of the house" or "citizeness." endobj endobj << /Contents 203 0 R /CropBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /Parent 17 0 R /Resources 204 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page >>