Hayden, C., Waisanen, D., & Osipova, Y. ABSTRACT: In recent years the United States has turned todigitaltechnologies to buoy its response to anti-Americanism in the so-called Muslim world. At least three concepts appear to be shaping this effort. There is, however, an American public diplomacy. To download the full Digital Diplomacy Bibliography, clickhere. ABSTRACT: Technology matters but do not neglect the importance of people. Second, we focus on the territorial-nonterritorial character of the relation between the actors who perform diplomatic work and the constituencies on whose behalf they act and from which they claim authority.

ABSTRACT: Twiplomacy is the title of a convention that took place in Turin, hosting among others Alec Ross, the social media strategist for the U.S. Secretary of State, and the Tunisian blogger Lina Ben Mhenni, who played a key role during the popular rise against Ben Ali. The study's findings show that the media set an agenda through actively posting stories that promote African values and culture to generate interaction among their readership. ABSTRACT: This essay reviews the early work of the U.S. Information Agency (19531999) in the field of computer and on-line communications, noting the compatibility of a networking approach to USIA's institutional culture. Interviews with U.S. diplomats in Hungary, Poland, Romania, and Slovakia show that U.S. diplomats embraced and applied dialogic principles, and employed dialogue to establish long-term collaborative relations with people abroad. This article is dedicated to the transformation processes in the digital, communication and technological spheres and potential impact of mentioned processes on the states sovereignty, Also the article reviews digital diplomacy as an element of "soft power" in promoting state interests abroad. International Communication Gazette, 74(3), 203--220. It simply amplifies the existing sociologies on the ground, for good or ill. And it is much better at organizing protest movements than organizing institutions to support new governments in place of those that have been toppled. Social media literacy is a new, crucial component of diplomacy.

Park, S. J., & Lim, Y. S. (2014). The results from the class showed a high level of participation and interaction within the class and into the larger community. Issue Theme: The Use of Social Media in U.S. Public Diplomacy. Scientific concepts devoted to the concept of digital diplomacy attract the attention of many domestic and foreign scholars, including, in particular, V. Yu. These include episodic resolve correlated with war and surges of zeal, systemic trade-offs in American politics, competitive practitioner communities and powerful civil society actors, and late adoption of communication technologies. (2012).

ABSTRACT: The elections of President Barack Obama in 2008 and 2012 provided pivotal moments in U.S. relations with foreign publics. Russia has always been a country seeking the Great Power status. ABSTRACT: Understanding, planning, engagement and advocacy are core concepts of public diplomacy. Most prominently, are the governing and representing functions compatible in practice, or do they contain inherent tensions? The article explores three illustrative issues: a culture of understanding; social media; and multiple diplomatic actors. It concludes that the characteristics shaping the U.S. public diplomacy continue to place significant constraints on its capacity for transformational change. Dynamics of international relations Alternative forms of communication and new types of transnational policy have a great influence on diplomacy. Thus, there is a need to build the capacity of its staff, which might help China's media perform better on social media. Social media consists of (a) the information infrastructure and tools used to produce and distribute content that has individual value but reflects shared values; (b) the content that takes the digital form of personal messages, news, ideas, that becomes cultural products; and (c) the people, organizations, and industries that produce and consume both the tools and the content. Analysis of recent researches and publications. Framing Messages of Democracy through Social Media: Public Diplomacy 2.0, Gender, and the Middle East and North Africa. Also, findings indicate that foreign media prioritized reporting on specific issues in Uganda, Sudan, South Africa, Nigeria, Kenya and Ethiopia over others. This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.

Particularly, the author emphasizes the governments readiness to implement innovative and creative methods to promote its media projects.

As an alternative, the authors argue that an ethical public diplomacy should be pursued, i.e., a public diplomacy that embraces genuine (rather than contrived) dialogue. The study shows that London, as an information environment, is experienced differently by each of the diplomats and embassy actors. , , . Brychuk, D.N. It is the inevitability and all-encompassing nature of digitalization that has given impetus to the development of digital diplomacy, an innovative means of communicating with society as a whole and between countries using the Internet, information and communication technologies (ICTs) and social networks to strengthen diplomatic relations. This case study assesses the DOT's work.

In the age of mass communication technologies and new media, the public diplomacy initiatives utilized to communicate these narratives have gone digital. The essay then traces the story forward into the work of the units within the U.S. Department of State which took over public diplomacy functions in 1999. (2009). with enduring characteristics that are rooted in the nations history and political culture. Digital Diplomacy and U.S. Foreign Policy. The Future of Diplomacy Changing Practices, Evolving Relationships.

Social networking technologies, especially, have revolutionized the possibilities of person-to-person communication, particularly by making obsolete the geographical boundaries that once divided cultures and nationalities.

Americas Engagement Delusion Critiquing a PublicDiplomacy Consensus.

The Impact of New Media on Diplomatic Practice: An Evolutionary Model of Change.

Stieglers philosophical conception of contemporary politics under the condition of globalized cultural and economic capitalism is employed in this work to explain the dramatic changes in diplomatic relations taking place on the international arena at the beginning of the new century. A Strategic Issue Management (SIM) Approach to Social Media Use in Public Diplomacy. (2013). Payne, G., Sevin, E., & Bruya, S. (2011). But we have to keep in mind that the Internet is not a magic potion for political and social progress. This special issue explores the various dimensions of the use and impact of social media on U.S. public diplomacy and the public diplomacy of other state and non-state actors directed at the U.S. public. ABSTRACT: Social media technologies represent a significant development for U.S. public diplomacy: both in practice and in conceptualization. (2011). Digital Diplomacy: The Internet, the Battle for Ideas & U.S. Foreign Policy. Programs such as Public Diplomacy 2.0 are becoming increasingly important as the U.S. seeks both to revitalize its tools of soft power and reach out and engage the youth generation of the Muslim world. ABSTRACT: This paper looks at innovative strategies for how to effectively teach Public Diplomacy by integrating technology into the classroom. (2011). Place Branding and Public Diplomacy,7(2), 136-149. The modern information revolution is characterized by the widespread and ever-growing use of social networks, blogs, wiki resources and other media platforms (labelled under the common term of Web 2.0 technologies). ABSTRACT: Has the fabric of communication between the United States and the countries once behind the Iron Curtain changed from simply delivering messages through international broadcasters to collaborative relationships built on dialogue? PDiN QuarterlyTrends in Public Diplomacy: January, February and March 2011. Current transition processes have closely related with huge numbers of social spheres. The Future of Diplomacy Changing Practices, Evolving Relationships. Examining the kind of communication cultivated between public diplomacy practitioners and publics, this article focuses on social media discourse about the 2012 U.S. election posted to U.S. diplomacy efforts on Facebook. ABSTRACT: With the evolution of communication technologies, traditional public diplomacy is transforming. Slaughter, A.

Khatib, L., Dutton, W., & Thelwall, M. (2012). Conclusions.

Rolfe, M. (2014). ABSTRACT: Based on a range of interviews with foreign diplomats in London, the article explains the considerable variation in the way communication technologies both affect diplomatic practices and are appropriated by diplomats to pursue the respective countries information gathering and outreach objectives. It argues that as U.S. public diplomacy becomes a multi-stakeholder instrument and central to diplomatic practice, its institutions, methods and priorities require transformation rather than adaptation. Using the cases of the Iranian riots and the Xinjiang riots in 2009, the article investigates the emerging strategic implications of social media such as Twitter, Facebook and YouTube in national and international politics. B. This paper presents the case studies of two such initiativesTurkayfe.org and the Rediscover Rosarito Projectthat have successfully implemented new communications technologies and Web 2.0 strategies in their international outreach campaigns. Although interaction between the United States and the Iranian people may be limited, may not always take place in real time, and certainly cannot serve as a substitute for the interactions facilitated by a bricks-and-mortar embassy on the ground, the Virtual Embassy Tehran and its social media accouterments represent an interesting application of American public diplomacy priorities. Btora Jr, J., & Neumann, I. ABSTRACT: The article discusses a study which examines the utilization of Web 2.0 technologies in the proliferation of Grey Literature in the U.S. government. But they may become strategic tools in the proactive and reactive phases, in which diplomats may use them to reinforce a favorable viral trend, to build an agenda, and to respond to a conflict. ABSTRACT: To meet its most important strategic goalson global warming, the continuing economic crisis, nonproliferation and a host of regional issuesthe State Department will require a practical, pragmatic digital strategy of the sort that Barack Obama employed to win the presidency. ABSTRACT: In 2010 the U.S. State Department funded an Apps4Africa contest to encourage development of socially conscious mobile applications for Africa. Public Diplomacy Meets Social Media: A Study of the U.S. Embassy's Blogs and Micro-blogs. The essay ends by noting the recent evolution of the State Department's approach to digital media and the emergence of a non-governmental model for American digital outreach (known by the acronym SAGE) which may overcome many of the institutional limits experienced thus far and provide a way to bring together the relational priorities of the New Public Diplomacy with the relational capacities of Web 2.0 technology. International Studies Review,15(1), 123-139. Public Relations Review,38(2), 328-335. International Journal: Canada's Journal of Global Policy Analysis, 66(3), 527-542. Russia is trying to make good use of its diplomacy, including digital diplomacy, in order to show the use of its hard power to be seen as soft. The impact of new government information partnerships afford non-state actors with a more influential role in diplomatic processes. InProceedings of the 2008 International Conference on Digital Government Research(pp. Does this method provide a promising move towards a more interactive and individualized approach to connecting with the Middle East? To draw the attention of scholars and practical diplomats to the phenomenon of digitalization and diplomacy of social networks. These include episodic resolve correlated with war and surges of zeal, systemic trade-offs in American politics, competitive practitioner communities and powerful civil society actors, and late adoption of communication technologies. We analyze information generated by U.S. embassy sites in Bangladesh, Egypt, and Pakistan to understand the qualities of the communication engendered by these public diplomacy overtures, the nature of public argument via the media platform, and how the election served as a process to further contemporary U.S. public diplomacy. This article examines these concepts and characteristics in the context of U.S. President Barack Obamas strategy of global public engagement. From the beginning, the course had a dedicated Twitter hashtag (#kelleypd) that gained traction and became part of the larger dialogue around the topic of public diplomacy. Want to follow the issues you care about in public diplomacy? ABSTRACT: States articulate their identity and foreign policy interests in the international system, seeking to influence the perceptions of others and to create an environment in which their goals and efficacy as an actor are viewed as legitimate. Based on the content analysis and interview, this study discerns the key features of the U.S. Embassy's public diplomatic communication using social media and further suggests that the common values and interests related to the global public as well as experience-sharing and relationship-building might become the focus of new public diplomacy research. Thus, the priority task of diplomatic science is to determine the middle ground between traditional and innovative ways of communication. The Medium is Not the Message: Social Media, American Public Diplomacy & Iran. The land, maritime, information and technological borders of sovereign states are actually blurred. Diplomacy Rebooted: Making Digital Statecraft a Reality. In addition, the SIM approach argues that engagement, the Obama administrations diplomatic doctrine, should be reassessed in a mixed-motive framework instead of being narrowly equated to dialogue. # Kelleypd: Public Diplomacy 2.0 Classroom. Rhetorical Traditions of Public Diplomacy and the Internet. (2002).

The authors consider incidents and allegations in the sphere of digital interaction and, based on the theory of digital polarization, conclude that the use of digital tools in horizontal interactions within digital diplomacy exacerbates intercultural differences between countries and increases conflict instead of improving mutual understanding. The Hague Journal of Diplomacy, 7(2), 184. We found that the discussion that took place in response to the announcement of Obamas reelection did not resemble a deliberative forum for debating U.S. foreign policy or regional implications. The opinion of domestic and foreign scientists on the concept of digital diplomacy is analyzed.

The Hague Journal of Diplomacy,6(3-4), 451-455. The Long Road to Public Diplomacy 2.0: The Internet in U.S. Public Diplomacy. Conclusions and prospects for the development. Public Relations Review, 39(5), 542--548. Slaughter, A. Russia actively participates in the digital diplomacy practice, by using social media and Web 2.0 tools as soft power instruments to introduce and explain foreign policy initiatives and reach foreign and domestic audiences, as stated in the Doctrine of the Information Security of Russian Federation of 2016. This strategic asset is based on technology-enabled word-of-mouth communication, implemented through social media, facilitated by anonymous proxy. Despite its emphasis on facilitating dialogue with and among Muslims overseas, this article demonstrates that, in practice, engagement aims to leverage social media and related technologies to persuade skeptical audiences to empathize with American policies. Archetti, C. (2012). The effort is consistent not only with the goals of 21stCentury Statecraft, but also with the Administrations stated preference for engagement while still pursuing vigorous economic sanctions toward the Iranian regime. , , , . The first is a marketing-based strategy called engagement. The other two are derivations of Marshall McLuhan's global village and his aphorism that the medium is the message. This article focuses on the uses and misuses of McLuhan's work by foreign policy officials in Washington.

ABSTRACT: The internet is enabling new approaches to public diplomacy.

Amidst information, misinformation and disinformation, trust is the most highly prized commodity. Digital Public Diplomacy and a Strategic Narrative for India. Diplomacy, an international relations activity traditionally claimed as the domain of the nation-state, has become more accessible to ordinary citizens and advocacy groups and is taking new forms as individuals and groups initiate grassroots public diplomacy activities. This is an adjustment that is largely due to the new needs related to the digital democracy that marks our age of digital communication, such as transparency and effectiveness. ABSTRACT: This article examines how South Korean and Japanese public diplomacy organizations employ digital media to embrace the principle of networked public diplomacy through analyses of the web and social media practices. Baryshnikov, M.G.