Jupiter (Zeus) went there, disguised as a mortal, and Mercury (Hermes), the descendant of Atlas, setting aside his wings, went with his father, carrying the caduceus (heralds staff with two entwined snakes). Thus, on two counts, Barnabas is the right choice to head the delegation. The second ship was from Alexandria, Egypt, and was sailing for Italy, carrying wheat (27:38). Luke was accompanying Paul,so great detail is given about the journey. By tradition it is the birthplace of Thecla, described in the apocryphal work, 'The Acts of Paul and Thecla'. The distance would be around 40 km, taking about 8 hours (1 day) to walk. If that be the case, then Pauls comment that he goes to Jerusalem in response to a revelation (Galatians 2:2) is explained byActs 11:28. Jews from Cyrene are among those who had opposed Stephen (6:9). Paul will use Antioch as his home base of operations. Antioch remained an important centre of the church for several centuries. Tarsus, the birth-place of Paul, lay on the main route, the Via Sebaste, from Syrian Antioch to Galatia, so it is most likely that Paul and Silas at least passed through the city, even though Luke does not mention this. The most direct route from Antioch in Syria to Ephesus is along the Via Sebaste, which ran the whole way between those two cities. After his arrest, Paul was brought from Jerusalem to Caesarea by Roman soldiers on horseback, which took 2 days (23:31-32). It is possible that he encouraged Paul to travel to Pisidian Antioch, and gave Paul letters of introduction to his family. The church is built on the foundation of the apostles and prophets, and he ranks the latter next after apostles (Ephesians 2:20). It is not known whether Paul stopped any longer than one night in each place, or did any missionary work there. According to Josephus, the city has a particularly large Jewish population. All that remains of the harbour is an area of marshland. Led by apostles of Jesus like Peter, Paul, and Barnabas, the Jews of Syrian Antioch birthed the earliest Christian community in blood, sweat, and tears, even as some were fleeing their own homes in Jerusalem. Bruce says, We know from other sources that Claudiuss principate was marked by a succession of bad harvests and consequent scarcity in various parts of the empire in Rome, Greece, and Egypt as well as in Judaea. [230.] The historic Phoenician city of Tyre is in modern Lebanon. In Assos Paul rejoined his companions on the ship travelling to Mitylene on the island of Lesbos. Also nearby is the house of Mary, where it is claimed the mother of Jesus lived towards the end of her life. [cited 21 Jul 2022]. The second is a link to the road map, showing the terrain and nearby places. There seems to be no consistency to this except that Luke balances the relationship. Reacting to the urging of the Spirit, these unnamed Christians reap the harvest God provides. The ship carrying Paul stayed there three days, presumably to load or unload cargo. More importantly, God is showing his will that Gentiles should receive salvation and become part of the spiritual community, the church. Warren Carter is Meinders Professor of New Testament at Phillips Theological Seminary, Tulsa OK. There is also a later octagonal Byzantine church and bishop's palace. Lystra is in central Anatolia. Agabus may mean that a series of famines in various parts of the empire would strike at different times. Modern Paphos is a coastal city in the south-west of Cyprus. The early practice of selling personal property to contribute to the common fund may have reduced the economic strength of the church community. The circuit of the original walls, surrounding a large area, can still be traced. Paul joined a ship of Adramyttium at Caesarea, the main port of Judah, where he had been held as as prisoner, and his case had been heard by Felix, Festus, and Agrippa II. Although the exact route taken by Paul and Silas is unknown, the most direct distance from Pisidian Antioch to Troas is 577 km, taking 118 hours (15 days) walking. It literally means the inhabited world, and is commonly used to refer to the Roman Empire, in Latin theorbis terrarum. Prophets in the Old Testament had a dual function, to foretell and toforth-tell. A Jewish historian from the first century C.E. Thus, he has the spiritual insight to recognize where and how God is working. Luke does not describe any ministry that Paul did there. Philippi was a Roman colony on the Via Egnatia. He certainly lives up to his name in evaluating the progress of the gospel at Antioch. For now, he portrays it as the church where the mission to the Gentiles in general begins (11:19-26). The region of ancient Antioch is now in the southeastern corner of Turkey, and the Turkish city is called Antakya. From Perga to Antioch the distance is 190 km, which would take around 40 hours (5 days) walking. Barnabas is convinced that Paul will be the perfect choice to help evangelize Antioch. The ancient city of Corinth lies about 8 km south-west of the modern city of Corinth. For two weeks, the ship was drifting west across the sea. The route from Antioch to Iconium is along the Via Sebaste, the major Roman road from the East, which ran from Antioch in Syria to Tarsus, then through the Cilician Gates to the cities of Galatia, then to Ephesus, and on to Rome. The Sea of Adria is the main portion of the Mediterranean, south of the Adriatic Sea. They stopped overnight on the island of Samothrace. The believers took him to an unnamed location on the coast, where he caught a ship to Athens. The nearest port to Beroea would have been Methoni. Presumably the fact that so many Gentiles are accepting Jesus as Savior is considered proof in itself. However the terrain was quite mountainous and potentially dangerous from bandits. There are substantial archaeological remains of the city of Miletus near the village of Balat in Aydin Province of Turkey. There is a large burial mound and the famous lion of Amphipolis. Because the site is now a large city, little archaeological work is possible. Inspiration, Authority, and Reliability of the Bib Timeless Truths in Cultural Clothing, by Michael M Is there a Best Version of the Bible? For some locations there is also a link to a local website. Paul evidently had never visited the city (Col 1:9; 2:1), but Epaphras brought the gospel message to Colossae, to Laodicea, and to Hierapolis. Unfortunately, the Greek text is somewhat unclear at this point. Cenchreae is now known as the Kechrees Archaeological Site. A church existed here for several centuries. [Longenecker, 405.] Agabus apparently doesnt say exactly when the famine will occur. It also may have been during this period that he began to experience the loss of all things for Christs sake (cf. After trouble was stirred up by Jews from Thessalonica, Paul had to leave Beroea. A road called Apostolou Pavlou leads from the village of Kechries to the old harbour. By the time the water reached there it was lukewarm, and the high mineral content made the water most distasteful. The places mentioned that Paul visited on each Missionary Journey are listed below. Finally there was 100 km from Caesarea to Jerusalem. However, remains of the quay and a church are still visible. The distance from Antioch to Iconium is 152 km, taking 31 hours to walk (4 days). The site of Salamis lies on the east coast of Cyprus, about 6 km north of Famagusta, in the Turkish part of Cyprus. But then some Christian Jews from Cyprus and Cyrene come to Antioch and they begin to speak to Greeks also, telling them the good news about the Lord Jesus (11:20). Often, this is identified with Pauls trip to attend the Jerusalem Council of Acts 15. Paul had to change ships in Patara, where he found one bound for Phoenicia (21:2). Barnabas has the nickname Son of Encouragement (4:36). Luke says, As each one was able, [they] decided to provide help for the brothers and sisters living in Judea (11:29). It appears that Luke joined Paul, Silas and Timothy in Troas, as this marks the beginning of one of the 'we passages' in the Book of Acts. During his Third Missionary Journey, Paul spent at least two years in Ephesus. The two of them return to Antioch, and teach large numbers of people for a year. If he reacted negatively to the Gentile conversions, then the advance of the gospel at Antioch, and Pauls future work, could have been derailed. He simply encourages both missionaries and converts to remain true to the Lord (11:23). It is now the village of evlik near the town of Samandag in the Hatay Province of Turkey. That would be between A.D. 44 and 48. The apostles are not in the forefront of missionary activity to non-Jews, just as they were not the leaders in Samaria. Again departing from Antioch in Syria, Paul travelled through Galatia and Phrygia (18:23). He is, as Luke paints him, a good man, full of the Holy Spirit and faith (11:24). His works document the Jewish rebellions against Rome, giving background for early Jewish and Christian practices. Hieropolis became an important Christian centre. From Corinth to Cenchreae the distance is about 12 km, which would take about 2.5 hours to walk. Perhaps the Lucian of Cyrene that Luke mentions later is one of these missionaries (13:1). The distance from Neapolis to Philippi is around 16 km, which is about 3 hours walking. After leaving Derbe, Paul and Barnabas retraced their steps, returning through Lystra, Iconium, Antioch in Pisidia (14:21), Perga and Attalia (14:25), where they found a ship travelling to Antioch in Syria. Suetonius speaks of a series of droughts that cause a scarcity of grain that hits Rome especially hard. Perhaps more than coincidentally, elders is the name given to leaders of Jewish synagogues. Towards the end of the Second Missionary Journey, Paul visited Ephesus briefly, and promised to return, before sailing on to Caesarea. Cnidus, or modern Knidos, lies at the end of a long narrow peninsular, south of modern Bodrum in Turkey. The real question revolves around the second visit ofGalatians 2:1-10, the one he makes 14 years after his conversion. During the three months he spent there, he wrote the Letter to the Romans. He wrote two letters to this church, probably from Athens or Corinth. Luke records that they travelled through the whole island (Acts 13:6), so the distance would probably be much further. The ship Paul was travelling on stopped in the harbour of Cos overnight, before continuing to Rhodes the following day. The city of Corinth had two ports, including Cenchreae to the east. It was known to have quicksands, where the ship could become marooned, without any hope of rescue. It can be assumed that Paul's original intention was to continue along the Via Sebaste as far as Ephesus. An inscription containing the name 'Sergius Paulus' was discovered in Pisidian Antioch, where there is evidence that he had family roots. What is he doing then, and where is he? The Third Missionary Journey concluded in Jerusalem, where Paul was welcomed by the believers. Was brigham young stabbed by a son named Phineas? A church has been built at the traditional site of the baptism of Lydia next to the River Krenides. The church was probably established by Epaphras (Col 4:13). Distances and time of sea voyages is not included. It lay on the Via Appia, which was the major Roman road which led to Rome. However, like Ephesus, the harbour had become silted up, and the remains of Miletus now lie several kilometres from the sea. There is also evidence of a theatre. For each location there are up to four links. The location of Derbe remains uncertain. Luke records that Paul passed through the interior regions and came to Ephesus (19:1). Paul will call his own future multi-church relief fund a contribution for the poor among the Lords people in Jerusalem (Romans 15:25-31, with1 Corinthians 16:1-4and 2 Corinthians 8-9). Copyright Grace Communion International. It was an important centre, lying on the Via Egnatia, the major Roman road through Macedonia, but few remains of the ancient city still exist today. This was the main port for Judea, which Paul arrived at on his Second Missionary Journey. Did James arness Matt dillon wear a hair piece or wig on gunsmoke? Berea or Beroea, is now the small town of Veria. The Holy Spirit validates their testimony, and as a result a great number of people believed and turned to the Lord (11:21). How did people get there? The harbour at Fair Havens was not suitable to spend the winter in (27:12), as it offered little or no protection from winds blowing from the east. Paul probably stayed one night at the port on the two-day voyage to Neapolis from Alexandria-Troas. TheCaesarianiare those who belong to the party of Caesar. Others, however, feel that this visit correlates better with the famine-relief visit here in Acts 11. [Suetonius,Life of Claudius18.2; Tacitus,Annals12.43; Dio Cassius,History of Rome60.11; Orosious,History7.6.17.] Following earthquakes, much of the remains of the port city of Cenchreae is now under water. The city is also known for its loose morals. Laodicea had been founded by the Seleucid kings during the third century BC. The final part of the journey was on foot from Caesarea to Jerusalem. Leaving Athens, Paul travelled to Corinth. What does it mean to say a good listener is a silent flatterer? Some remains of the port and city have been found, including a bath-house, a theatre, gymnasium and stadium, but they are overgrown or covered with sand. These two main routes skirted hilly Galilee, the Via Maris to the west along the sea and the other, the Kings Highway, to the east beyond the Jordan. It had a westward-facing harbour, which would be a suitable place to spend the winter, sheltered from the easterly winds (27:12). These are the cities where he had established churches on the First Missionary Journey, and visited on the Second Journey. The total distance covered by Paul and his companions on the Second Missionary Journey would be

It is well known for its outstanding archaeological remains, including the Acropolis, temples and Agoras. Q. Luke recorded that Paul argued with people in the market-place (agora) every day (17:17). The main town and the island have the same name, which now belongs to Greece. The Via Maris was the leading trade route from Anatolia or modern day Turkey and Syria. It was in Lystra that Paul healed the lame man, and were worshipped as Greek gods (14:8-18). While Luke doesnt make an issue of it, the arrival of Barnabas in Antioch could have resulted in a crisis for the church. (Abingdon, 2011), John and Empire: Initial Explorations (Continuum, 2008), and The Roman Empire and the New Testament: An Essential Guide (Abingdon, 2006). While staying in the house of Philip the Evangelist, the prophet Agabas warned him not to go to Jerusalem. The most well-known is St. Paul's Bay. Pipes which brought water from Hieropolis have been found showing severe blocking by mineral deposits. He goes to Tarsus looking for Paul, and finds him (11:25). When the blockers on the kickoff and punt return teams strive to keep their heads on the upfield jersey numbers of the defenders what is the name of the technique the blockers are using? It seems that the Jerusalem church is living on the edge of destitution. It was in Paphos that Paul and Barnabas encountered Bar-Jesus, a Jewish false prophet and magician, who tried to turn the Roman proconsul Sergius Paulus from the faith (Acts 13:6-12). about 2400 km (1500 miles) which would take about 500 hours (62 days) walking. [Antiquities20:49-53, 101; 3:320-321. Several times in the account, Luke records that sailing was difficult because the wind was against them (27:4, 7), before conditions worsened with moderate, then violent winds (27:13-14), growing into many days of 'no small tempest' (27:20). However, there is good supporting evidence from secular historians that extensive famines did occur throughout his reign. He also recognizes prophets as having an important charismatic function (1 Corinthians 14:29-33;Ephesians 3:5). (Even today we speak of the Judeo-Christian ethic.) This time he stayed for a week, teaching the church. The ruins of the ancient city lie on a hill called 'Alusumas' which has not been excavated. Would polypropylene line be good for a anchor on a boat. The port is on the north-western side of the island, with the ruins of the old city, Palaeopolis, lying to the east along the coast. The decisive difference, of course, is that the church places its faith in Jesus Christ as the Messiah and the author of salvation. However it is likely that Paul visited other towns and cities which lay off the main route, increasing the total distance considerably. There is a significant archaeological site with wide-ranging views to the sea, containing a temple to Athene, a theatre, an agora and some remains of the ancient harbour below. Weve already learned that they went throughout Judea and Samaria (8:1). This was a large house which contains Roman mosaics, including one of Theseus.

There is a tablet recording Paul's speech inset into the rock. Cyrene is in North Africa, in the territory included in Libya today. Luke says that when Barnabas sees what the grace of God had done, he was glad and encouraged them (11:23). Another major trade route, the Kings Highway, spanned Egypt to the Euphrates but it ran to the east of Jerusalem and the Jordan river to Damascus and did not pass through Antioch. Most of the remains of the ancient city lie under the modern city, so very little excavation, apart from the agora, has been done. Portions of the Via Egnatia are still preserved. This city will soon become the staging area and springboard for missionary activity to other parts of the Roman Empire. A large archaeological site contains the ruins of the city, including the prominent temple to Apollo, the 'bema' where Paul would have been brought before the governor Gallio (18:12), a theatre, as well as shops and fountains. It was located at a key road junction on the Via Sebaste, with roads joining from all directions. While less dramatic than the story of the Jerusalem Christians sharing their goods (2:44-45 and 4:32-37), this also illustrates the continuing church practice to aid its poor. In the words of William Willimon, The new congregation in Antioch composed of gentiles who a short time before were considered questionable subjects for the gospel responds generously to the appeal for help in Judea. [108.] By using the ships anchor, which would be dragged behind the ship to slow its progress through the violent waves, they were able keep a westerly course, to avoid the dangers of the Syrtis. Old Paphos, or Palaepaphos, is now known as the village of Kouklia in Greek, which is around 15 km south-east of modern Paphos. Outsiders would see a practical difference, too: Jews tended to keep to themselves, whereas the Christians were eating with Gentiles (Galatians 2:12). Puteoli is now the Italian town of Pozzuoli, and was an important Roman port, now part of the city of Naples. During these blank years, which some commentators say is nearly a decade, the Jerusalem church hears a report about his preaching.

It is certain that in some way Saul continued preaching after leaving Jerusalem and that this was known back in Jerusalem. This, too, may be a concern. If he took the land route, the distance from Jerusalem to Antioch is 650 km, taking 136 hours (17 days) walking. No other city apart from Jerusalem appears as frequently in Lukes story. The total distance from Derbe to Attalia is around 500 km, which would take a total of 100 hours (8.5 days) to walk. The second and third are links to Google Maps. Josephus tells the story of Helena, queen-mother of the territory of Adiabene, and a Jewish proselyte. It was the normal practice for ships to stop in a harbour overnight. The route would be along stony roads or footpaths, which would be frequented by robbers and thieves. The route would follow the coast for much of the journey. Paul returned for a longer stay in Ephesus during his Third Missionary Journey (19:1-41). They were travelling in the Spring, soon after Passover (20:6), so a sea journey would not be so dangerous as in the winter. It is actually the southernmost piece of land in Europe. In the Book of Romans, Paul commended Phoebe, a deacon from the church in Cenchreae (Rom 16:1), so a church must have been established there by the time Paul wrote to the Romans during his visit to Corinth on the Third Missionary Journey.

The third is a link to a closer satellite view of the actual site. The northern section includes the theatre and acropolis. The Image of God in the Bible, by Michael Morrison, Studies in Galatians, Ephesians and Philippians, Studies in the Pastoral Epistles and Philemon, Preaching in the Book of Acts Part 1: Peter, Preaching in the Book of Acts Part 2: Paul, A Harmony of the Conversion and Commission of Paul, Christians and the Law of Moses: A Study of Acts 15, Decree of the Council of Jerusalem (Acts 15) Part 1: The Literary Flow of Acts 15, Decree of the Council of Jerusalem (Acts 15) Part 2: The Decrees Purpose, A Harmony of the Conversion and Commission of Paul - Acts 9:1-30; 22:3-21; 26:9-20, Decree of the Council of Jerusalem (Acts 15). There were no Roman roads connecting these two towns. The word Lord is more meaningful in Hellenistic culture; the word Messiah would appeal less to a Gentile audience. He is the author of numerous books, including What Does Revelation Reveal? Perhaps the five lashings he received at the hands of the synagogue authorities (2 Corinthians 11:24), together with some of his other afflictions and hardships enumerated in2 Corinthians 11:23-27, occurred during those days in Tarsus, for they find no place in the records of his later missionary endeavors. These cities were in the old kingdom of Phrygia, which later became part of the Roman province of Asia. In the Greek noun form it isCristianoi. One danger was that Roman soldiers were permitted to commandeer donkeys without any recompense, or even set people to work on repairs to the road. Members of one of the major Jewish religious sects are thePharisaioi. The route from Lystra to Derbe continues along the Via Sebaste, for around 100 km, taking 20 hours (2.5 days) to walk. Perhaps some of them, as well as others, became known as elders. Apparently, elders are leaders appointed to serve in the churches (14:23; 20:17). The southern section contains the large Roman forum, including the 'bema' where Paul and Silas were brought before the city authorities (16:19), as well as shops, temples, and other administrative buildings. It may seem to be an abrupt conclusion, but it is a fitting one. It founded by Seleucus I around 300 BC, as the capital of the Kingdom of Syria. There was a story that the Hermes and Zeus had previously visited the town, but had not been well received. Most commentators correlate the first visit of Galatians with the one ofActs 9:26-29, and that is not a problem. Troas, or Alexandria Troas, was the seaport about 25 km south of Troas, the well-known ancient city of Troy, famous in the Greek epics. Remains of the sanctuary to Aphrodite still remain.

At the same time, Barnabas is a Jew from the Dispersion in Cyprus. The ruins of the city of Hieropolis are close to the popular tourist destination of Pamukkale (meaning 'cotton castle'), created by mineral deposits from the thermal springs. The site has been well-excavated, showing remains of theatres, temples, a gymnasium and churches. Luke rejoins Paul at this point, which marks the start of the second 'we passage'. Agabus apparently is known for his foretelling, that is, his predictions. He can act as the link between the Hebrew and Hellenistic elements in the church. The total distance walked would be 1045 km from Syrian Antioch to Ephesus, then another 1300 km from Ephesus to Corinth, via Philippi, and 600 km back to Philippi. He [Luke] emphasizes the part played by anonymous believers in spreading Christianity. At first, the wind blew from the south, but then a violent north-easterly wind, which Luke names as the Euraquilo, blew them away from the island (27:13-15). In the NT, it is remembered as the birthplace of Timothy (16:2). It may be a gradual development, since Gentiles often attend synagogues. There are a number of Roman remains, including a temple to the emperor, Cleopatra's Gate, and traces of the Via Sebaste. | Terms of Use A crisis will occur in Antioch over table fellowship when Peter refuses to eat with Gentiles after certain men came from James (Galatians 2:12). Cilicia was on the south coast of modern Turkey, including the city of Tarsus. Antioch, an ancient Greek city founded in the 4th century BCE Luke wants his readers to understand that Agabus prediction is not a hoax. Perhaps the evidence is in changed lives, or in a display of the gifts of the Spirit. These exiled Jews from Jerusalem living in the areas Luke mentions preached the gospel, but only to other Jews (11:19). The church in Laodicea was probably established by Epahras. Paul hoped to visit the city, for he requested Philemon to prepare a guestroom for him in anticipation of a visit (Phil 1:23). InActs 11:25and in some succeeding passages, Luke mentions Barnabas first and Paul second (12:25; 13:1, 2, 7). Warren Carter, "Antioch to Jerusalem", n.p. While in Fair Havens, they were protected from the north-easterly wind by the mountains. Fair Havens, (or Kaloi Limenes in Greek), is on the south coast of the island of Crete. (Perhaps Galatians was written before he went to Jerusalem for the Acts 15council.). Luke mentions in particular that the Jews preaching to Greeks are from Cyprus and Cyrene.

Hieropolis and Laodicea were only (10 km) (six miles) apart, facing each other across the Lycus River. The ship carrying Paul probably called in here for water and provisions for the voyage. This was the main port of Corinth facing east, from where ships would sail to Athens, Ephesus, Egypt, and other cities of the east. Paul spent more than two years in Ephesus (19:10), so the Word of God spread through the whole region of Asia. It was from this port that Paul sailed to Ephesus, after having his hair cut to fulfil a vow (18:18). From Antioch to Seleucia is around 35 km, which would take around 7 hours (1 day) to walk.

journey between the two locations would take approximately 18 days What is the dental code for a Essix retainer? Theres one small point of interest that we should notice in connection with Pauls rising star. There is no evidence that Paul ever visited Hieropolis. However, once they passed Cape Matala, the point to the west of Fair Havens, they were exposed to that wind, which would blow strongly down the valley between the mountains and out to sea. Another decisive moment in the history of the apostolic church is occurring without the presence of the apostles. Iconium became a Christian centre for several centuries. This was an arduous journey over the difficult terrain of the Taurus Mountains. They ship carrying Paul stayed in the harbour there overnight. They decide to dispatch a delegation to check on the situation, as they did in the case of the Samaritan conversions (8:14). What is the distance from Antioch Syria to Jerusalem? This was done by passing ropes around the ship to hold its timbers together and prevent the ship from splitting apart in rough seas. Heading north, they were also forbidden by the Spirit from entering Bithynia, on the north coast, so they passed by Mysia and came to Troas (16:6-8). The total distance walked on the First Missionary Journey is nearly 1300 km (800 miles), which would take 24 days. By the first century AD, it had become was a large, wealthy and important commercial centre, replacing Hieropolis and Colossae as the most important of the three cities.