The documentation process will allow setting an actual situation of the memorials, making it easier to document in the future the dynamics of the changes that are still taking place. [2] In December 1944, Gusen III was opened in nearby Lungitz. Please help this article by looking for better, more reliable sources. During his time working in the photography lab of the camp, he smuggled 3,000 negatives out of the camp and later used this photographic evidence to testify at the Nuremberg trials. Mauthausen and its subcamps included quarries, munitions factories, mines, arms factories and plants assembling Me 262 fighter aircraft. Their daily lives were shaped by hunger, arbitrary treatment and violence. For many of the dead, there was nothing before to commemorate them. The reconnaissance squad was led by Staff Sergeant Albert J. Like Atlas Obscura and get our latest and greatest stories in your Facebook feed. Consider supporting our work by becoming a member for as little as $5 a month. In the 60s it was adapted for use as the museum, and in 2010 it was remodeled to meet the new exhibitions needs. more information Accept. The European Heritage Volunteers Project will be engaging on different elements that constitute the remaining legacy of this infamous site. The Mauthausen Memorial describes itself as a former crime scene, a place of memory, a cemetery for the mortal remains of thousands of those murdered here and, increasingly, a site of political and historical education.. [75] Overall, more than 90,000 of the 190,000 people deported to Mauthausen died there or in one of its subcamps.[1]. This year, all the names of victims of the Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp system known to date will be projected onto the outer wall of the Memorial Gusen in the municipality of Langenstein and read out. [14], In early 1940, many Poles were transferred to the MauthausenGusen complex. The Holocaust in the Twenty-First Century: Contested/Contesting Memories. In October 1941, several huts were separated from the Gusen subcamp by barbed wire and turned into a separate Prisoner of War Labour Camp (German: Kriegsgefangenenarbeitslager). Finally, after Adolf Eichmann visited Mauthausen in May of that year, Mauthausen received the first group of roughly 8,000 Hungarian Jews from Auschwitz; the first group to be evacuated from that camp before the Soviet advance. More than 90,000 people were murdered in the Mauthausen concentration camp and its subcamps between August 1938 and May 1945, or died immediately after liberation as a result of their imprisonment. The subcamps were divided into several categories, depending on their main function: Produktionslager for factory workers, Baulager for construction, Aufrumlager for cleaning the rubble in Allied-bombed towns, and Kleinlager (small camps) where the inmates were working specifically for the SS. The names were no longer to appear in the often-germanised spelling of the administration of the concentration camp. The last group roughly 10,000 prisoners was evacuated in the last wave in January 1945, only a few weeks before the Soviet liberation of the Auschwitz-Birkenau complex. The operation was repeated the following day, but called off soon afterwards. [64] At gun-point each prisoner would have the option of being shot or pushing the prisoner in front of him off the cliff. [36], The political function of the camp continued in parallel with its economic role. On March, 12th, 1938 the Anschluss (Annexation) of austrofascist Austria to the German Reich took place. [4][note 4] This was the second largest plane factory in Germany after the Mittelbau-Dora concentration camp, which was also underground. [49] Altogether, during the final months of the war, 23,364 prisoners from other concentration camps arrived at the camp complex. of their names used in their home countries. The Mauthausen Memorial today is an international site of remembrance and political-historical education. The Mauthausen Concentration Camp 19381945 features the history of the concentration camp and the surrounding sub camps. Prisoner transports were considered less important than other important services, and could be kept on sidings for days as other trains passed. Until at least 1942, it was used for the imprisonment and murder of the Nazis' political and ideological enemies, real and imagined. During 1938 and 1939, inmates of the nearby Mauthausen makeshift camp marched daily to the granite quarries at St Georgen/Gusen, which were more productive and more important for DEST than the Wienergraben Quarry. An estimated 1,500 Slovenes died in Mauthausen. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Every weekday we compile our most wondrous stories and deliver them straight to you. Franz Ziereis assumed control as commandant of the Mauthausen concentration camp from 1939 until the camp was liberated by the American forces in 1945. [88], Following the capitulation of Germany, Mauthausen fell within the Soviet sector of occupation of Austria. All rights reserved. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}481525N 143004E / 48.25694N 14.50111E / 48.25694; 14.50111. We depend on ad revenue to craft and curate stories about the worlds hidden wonders. [2] The reduced rations led to the starvation of thousands of inmates. [4] A year later, the company ordered the construction of the first camp at Gusen. The memorial objects that were placed around the crematorium ovens were for the most part very personal and freely designed, and have never been fully documented in their entirety due to their constant change. On 9 August 1938, prisoners from Dachau concentration camp near Munich were sent to the town of Mauthausen in Austria, to begin the construction of a new slave labour camp. [76] The infamous Death's- Head Unit or SS-Totenkopfverbnde charged with guarding the camp perimeter in addition to work detachments was headed by Georg Bachmayer, a captain in the SS. Furthermore, it is supposed to contribute to preserving public knowledge and memory of National Socialist mass crimes committed at the former Mauthausen and Gusen concentration camps, and at all its sub-camps. If you continue to use this website without changing your cookie settings or you click "Accept" below then you are consenting to this. This site is managed by the Directorate-General for Education, Youth, Sport and Culture and is an official site of the European Union, European Heritage Volunteers Project "Research & Documentation at a memorial complex", Mauthausen Memorial Complex, Erinnerungsstrae 1, 4310 , Mauthausen, l-Awstrija, European Heritage Volunteers and the Burghauptmannschaft sterreich, Parteipazzjoni u involviment; Valuri Ewropej; I-gaag u d-dinja; Edukazzjoni; Skambji ta taglim; Kultura; Programmi tal-UE ga-gaag, Jetielek tibbukkja dejjem ara d-dettalji, Ganijiet ta-gaag din l-attivit hija marbuta ma, Konnessjoni bejn l-UE u -gaag; Sojetajiet Inkluivi; Taglim ta Kwalit; Organizzazzjonijiet ta-gaag u Programmi Ewropej, Relatata mal-Konferenza dwar il-Futur tal-Ewropa, Numru ta parteipanti mistennija (stima), Inizjattivi ta politika Ewropej ga-gaag, Iktbilna permezz tal-formola ta kuntatt tagna, Il-Qorti tal-ustizzja tal-Unjoni Ewropea (QUE), Is-Servizz Ewropew gall-Azzjoni Esterna (SEAE), Il-Kumitat Ekonomiku u Sojali Ewropew (KESE), Kontrollur Ewropew gall-Protezzjoni tad-Data (KEPD), Il-Bord Ewropew gall-Protezzjoni tad-Data (EDPB), L-Uffiju Ewropew gas-Selezzjoni tal-Persunal, l-Uffiju tal-Pubblikazzjonijiet tal-Unjoni Ewropea. The project was carried out by theAssociation for Remembrance and Historical Research in Austrian Concentration Camp Memorialsin cooperation with theMauthausen Memorial. [79] This made some of the prisoners, previously engaged in various types of resistance activity, begin to prepare plans to defend the camp in case of an SS attempt to exterminate all the remaining inmates.[79]. After that, between 1946 and 1947, the camps were unguarded and many furnishings and facilities of the camp were dismantled, both by the Red Army and by the local population. After the outbreak of war, people from across Europe were deported to Mauthausen, which gradually developed into a system of several interconnected camps. As at other Nazi concentration camps, the inmates at Mauthausen and its subcamps were forced to work as slave labour, under conditions that caused many deaths. SS Captain Albert Sauer presided over the initial establishment of the camp on 1 August 1938 and remained camp commandant until 17 February 1939. But opting out of some of these cookies may have an effect on your browsing experience. In Gusen I, the prisoners were ordered to build several large tunnels beneath the hills surrounding the camp (code-named Kellerbau). The memorial features a museum in the preserved buildings of the center camp. The projection, which will also be shown via livestream from May 4, 2022 10 AM to May 5, 2022 11:59 PM (CEST) in cooperation with Ars Electronica Home Delivery, will be accompanied by a social media campaign under the hashtag of the same name #eachnamematters. Winner will be selected at random on 08/01/2022. Eventually, more women and children came to Mauthausen from Ravensbrck, Bergen-Belsen, Gross-Rosen, and Buchenwald.

The matter is further complicated due to some of the inmates of Gusen being murdered in Mauthausen, and at least 3,423 were sent to Hartheim Castle, 40.7km (25.3mi) away. As the production in Mauthausen and its subcamps was constantly increasing, so were the numbers of detainees and subcamps themselves. On 3 May the SS and other guards started to prepare for evacuation of the camp. The technical storage or access is necessary for the legitimate purpose of storing preferences that are not requested by the subscriber or user. Curatorial expert, main contact and representative of the Mauthausen Memorial, Head of Collections at the Mauthausen Memorial, Educator, member of the pedagogic department at the Mauthausen Memorial, Friday, 19.10.2018, 09:15 to Saturday, 20.10.2018, 18:00, Wednesday, 27.02.2019, 09:15 to Friday, 01.03.2019, 20:00, Thursday, 21.11.2019, 13:45 to Friday, 22.11.2019, 17:00, Friday, 13.12.2019, 10:30 to Sunday, 15.12.2019, 13:00, Tuesday, 23.02.2021, 15:00 to Wednesday, 24.02.2021, 19:00, Permalink: Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. Political opponents and groups of people labelled as criminal or antisocial would be imprisoned here and forced to work in the granite quarries. The companion volume to the edition is made up of academic commentaries and a biography section. More and more, Mauthausen itself became a camp were the sick and weak were sent to die. There is another relevant memorial area which has never been documented, where the European Heritage Volunteers Project in 2022 will be tasked to work in the memorial located in the area of the crematorium. Follow us on Twitter to get the latest on the world's hidden wonders. Wolfgang Sobotka in the Visitor Centre of the Mauthausen Memorial. Their treatment depended largely on the category assigned to each inmate, as well as their nationality and rank within the system. The Mauthausen Memorial aims at raising awareness for any resurgence of National Socialist activities, anti-Semitism, racism, discrimination of minorities and antidemocratic tendencies. The Chief Overseers at Mauthausen were firstly Margarete Freinberger, and then Jane Bernigau. Because of this, the descendants and survivors were robbed of any space for personal remembrance. Initially, the groups evacuated from Auschwitz consisted of qualified workers for the ever-growing industry of Mauthausen and its subcamps, but as the evacuation proceeded other categories of people were also transported to Mauthausen, Gusen, Vienna or Melk. Last year, the Mauthausen Concentration Camp Memorial and Ars Electronica presented the #eachnamematters light installation for the first time. The project will take place from July, 17th, till July, 30th, 2022, and is jointly organised by European Heritage Volunteers and the Burghauptmannschaft sterreich. In addition, the original spellings of the names in accordance with the prisoners' home countries were reconstructed for the display. In 1944, a large group of Hungarian and Dutch Jews, about 8,000 people altogether, was also transferred to the camp. The production output of Mauthausen and its subcamps exceeded that of each of the five other large slave labour centres: Auschwitz-Birkenau, Flossenbrg, Gross-Rosen, Marburg and Natzweiler-Struthof, in terms of both production quota and profits. The number of imprisoned children increased 6.2 times, whereas the total number of adult prisoners during the same period multiplied by a factor of only four. In January 1945, the camps contained roughly 85,000 inmates. Your email address will not be published. [67] A large number of inmates were drowned in barrels of water at Gusen II. [68][69], The Nazis also performed pseudo-scientific experiments on the prisoners. The memorial plaques and objects found and documented in this area will then be compared by the participants with the information contained in the Room of Names. Half of the 190,000 deportees died at Mauthausen or its subcamps. [58][59][60] The inmates suffered not only from malnutrition, overcrowded huts and constant abuse and beatings by the guards and kapos,[35] but also from exceptionally hard labour.[40]. [63], Such brutality was not accidental. [2][3] The three Gusen concentration camps in and around the village of St Georgen/Gusen, just a few kilometres from Mauthausen, held a significant proportion of prisoners within the camp complex, at times exceeding the number of prisoners at the Mauthausen main camp. [citation needed], Mauthausen was declared a national memorial site in 1949. [65], At times the guards or Kapos would either deliberately throw the prisoners on the 380 volt electric barbed wire fence,[65] or force them outside the boundaries of the camp and then shoot them on the pretence that they were attempting to escape. Female guards also staffed the Mauthausen subcamps at Hirtenberg, Lenzing (the main women's subcamp in Austria), and Sankt Lambrecht. On-site trials with different visitor groups and especially their feedback in regard to the enhancement of the spatial experience are used to improve the usability and the overall user experience of the system. https://www.vhh-project.eu/organizations/mauthausen-memorial/. The first inmates were put in the first two huts (No. sfn error: no target: CITEREFHaunschmied,_Mills,_Witzany-Durda_(2008) (, Learn how and when to remove this template message, pseudo-scientific experiments on the prisoners, Center for Studies of Holocaust and Religious Minorities, "The Mauthausen Concentration Camp 19381945", "Nazi secret weapons site claims refuted", "Representations of History: The "Mhlviertler Hasenjagd" as Word and Image", "75th Anniversary Of The Liberation Of Mauthausen", "Medal of Honor Recipients Korean War: TIBOR RUBIN", United States Army Center of Military History, "History of the Mauthausen Memorial - KZ-Gedenksttte Mauthausen", "La vida del fotgrafo que sufri el horror nazi se convierte en pelcula", "KZ Gusen I Concentration Camp at Langenstein", "Mauthausen Concentration Camp Records in the Auschwitz Museum Archives", "The prices of Polish armament before 1939", "On the Quantitative Dimension of Mass Murder at the Mauthausen Concentration Camp and its Subcamps", "Nazi war criminal escapes Costa Brava police search", "The gas chamber of Mauthausen History and testimonies of the Italian deportees; A Brief history of the camp", "The Mauthausen Concentration Camp Complex: World War II and Postwar Records", National Archives and Records Administration, "Pracownicy muzeum Auschwitz zeskanowali ju kartotek Mauthausen", "Taborie, v katerem je umrlo 1500 Slovencev", "Jack Taylor, American Agent Who Survived Mauthausen", "Gusen Concentration Camp / Project B-8 "Bergkristall" Tunnel System", "Selected Holocaust Glossary: Terms, Places and Personalities", "Seven Ways to Compute the Relative Value of a U.S. Dollar Amount, 1774 to present", "Norske vakter jobbet i Hitlers konsentrasjonsleire", Interviews with American servicemen imprisoned at Mauthausen, Online exhibition of the Polish History Museum on the former KZ Gusen complex, SS Main Economic and Administrative Office, List of major perpetrators of the Holocaust, Nazis and Nazi Collaborators (Punishment) Law, Faceted Application of Subject Terminology, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mauthausen_concentration_camp&oldid=1098015124, Buildings and structures in Upper Austria, Articles lacking reliable references from February 2022, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2015, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2020, Articles with Polish-language sources (pl), Articles with German-language sources (de), Articles with Czech-language sources (cs), Articles with Slovene-language sources (sl), Articles with Spanish-language sources (es), Articles with Norwegian-language sources (no), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 13 July 2022, at 20:17. [39] It was capable of killing about 120 prisoners at a time when it was completed. These Stolpersteine located in Spain honor Republican soldiers who perished at the hands of Nazis after the fall of France. [3][37] Initially, the camp did not have a gas chamber of its own and the so-called Muselmnner, or prisoners who were too sick to work, after being maltreated, under-nourished or exhausted, were then transferred to other concentration camps for extermination (mostly to the Hartheim Euthanasia Centre,[38] which was 40.7 kilometres or 25.3 miles away), or killed by lethal injection and cremated in the local crematorium. During this phase, Mauthausen and Gusen were the concentration camps with the harshest imprisonment conditions and the highest mortality. For most of its history, this exceeded the number of prisoners at the Mauthausen main camp itself. Offer subject to change without notice. The two volumes reproduce the names and dates of birth of over 84,000 people whose identitieshave been reconstructed through years of research, including the original. [2] The rise in the number of subcamps could not catch up with the rising number of inmates, which led to overcrowding of the huts in Mauthausen and its subcamps. In reality the actual production never reached such levels. Ride a dragon train into a world of dwarves. [56], Mauthausen was one of the most brutal and severe of the Nazi concentration camps. Without a subpoena, voluntary compliance on the part of your Internet Service Provider, or additional records from a third party, information stored or retrieved for this purpose alone cannot usually be used to identify you. Its housed in what was the Krankenrevier (Infirmary) and includes over 100 original objects from the area.

Of a total of 190,000 persons held prisoners here, at least 90,000 were eventually killed.The Mauthausen Memorial aims at raising awareness for any resurgence of National Socialist activities, anti-Semitism, racism, discrimination of minorities and anti-democratic tendencies. Follow us on social media to add even more wonder to your day. The Mauthausen Memorial is a Federal Institution under Public Law and is financed by the Ministry of Interior of the Republic of Austria. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. As a result, many exhausted prisoners collapsed in front of the other prisoners in the line, and then fell on top of the other prisoners, creating a domino effect; the first prisoner falling onto the next, and so on, all the way down the stairs. Between 1938 and 1945, the concentration camp was the center of over 40 sub camps, and was the main site of persecution by the National Socialist regime on Austrian territory. [87], Francesc Boix, a photographer and veteran of the Spanish Civil War, was imprisoned at the camp for four years. Allied Attempts to Cover Nazi Crimes on Film. Although the Mauthausen camp complex was mostly a labour camp for men, a women's camp was opened in Mauthausen, in September 1944, with the first transport of female prisoners from Auschwitz. Here, the memory of the victims is being preserved, the history of the Mauthausen Concentration Camp, its twin camp Gusen and its sub-camps is being researched and documented, and through exhibitions and educational programs its visitors are empowered to deal with and discuss the history of concentration camps.From 1938 to 1945, the Mauthausen Concentration Camp, together with its twin camp Gusen, was pivot to a system of more than 40 sub-camps, and the central site of political, social and racial persecution by the NS regime on the Austrian territory. Sign up for our newsletter and enter to win the second edition of our book. The largest of these groups arrived at Gusen in January 1941. For the reconstruction of these original spellings, the Mauthausen Memorial was assisted by over 40 embassies, institutions and memorial museums. Dobosiewicz who made the most extensive study compared various factors: his estimations were based on the number of prisoners to arrive in a year as compared to the number of that were murdered during a year. Altogether, 45 larger companies took part in making Mauthausen and its subcamps one of the most profitable concentration camps of Nazi Germany, with more than 11,000,000 [note 3] in profits in 1944 alone (EUR 86.7million in 2022). One particularly striking statue is the Albanian Memorial, which portrays an Albanian resistance fighter standing over a defeated Nazi soldier. These numbers reflected the increasing use of Polish, Czech, Soviet, and Balkan teenagers as slave labour as the war continued. The projection on site will begin every day from May 4 to 6 after dark (around 8:30 p.m.) and continue until midnight. [77], During the final months before liberation, the camp's commander Franz Ziereis prepared for its defence against a possible Soviet offensive. All work in the subcamps of Mauthausen stopped and the inmates focused on preparations for their liberation or defence of the camps against a possible assault by the SS divisions concentrated in the area. Historic documentation is important to provide a de-tailed record of the significance of a property for research and interpretive purposes. This website uses cookies to improve your experience. [47] Among them was a large group of civilians arrested by the Germans after the failure of the Warsaw uprising,[48][22] but by the liberation not more than 500 of them were still alive. The Digital Memorial Book for the Dead of the Mauthausen Concentration Camp and its Subcamps is an online version of the room. Kosiek. [46], Throughout the years of World War II, the Mauthausen and its subcamps received new prisoners in smaller transports daily, mostly from other concentration camps in German-occupied Europe. (In:) David Seymour and Ruth Wodak (eds.) Around the date of liberation on May 5, all people are called upon to share their memories, thoughts and impressions of individual biographies on social media under the hashtag #eachnamematters. [7][8] Although the camp was controlled by the German state from the beginning, it was founded by a private company as an economic enterprise.[8]. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. The Crime Scenes of MauthausenSearching for Traces precedes the gas chamber, the crematoria, and other execution sites. The integration of oral history interviews into the redesign of the permanent exhibition at the Mauthausen Memorial, "Der Tatort Mauthausen Eine Spurensuche. The rock quarry in Mauthausen was at the base of the "Stairs of Death". These cookies do not store any personal information. Unreliable citations may be challenged or deleted. By the end of World War II the prisoners had dug 29,400 square metres (316,000sqft) to house a small-arms factory. The police officer in charge of the unit accepted the "inmate self-government" as the camp's highest authority and Martin Gerken, until then the highest-ranking kapo prisoner in the Gusen's administration (in the rank of Lagerlteste, or the Camp's Elder), became the new de facto commander. Among the doctors to organise them were Sigbert Ramsauer, Karl Josef Gross, Eduard Krebsbach and Aribert Heim. It is often mentioned that the mortality rate reached 58% in 1941, as compared with 36% at Dachau, and 19% at Buchenwald over the same period. From the Era of the Witness to an Era of Traces. The so-called kapos, or prisoners who had been recruited by their captors to police their fellow prisoners, were given more food and higher pay in the form of concentration camp coupons which could be exchanged for cigarettes in the canteen, as well as a separate room inside most barracks. [16][17] At about that time, the construction of a new camp "for the Poles" began in Gusen about 4.5 kilometres (2.8mi) away after an order by the SS(Schutzstaffel) in December 1939 [18].The new camp (later named Gusen I) became operational in May 1940. 66 (2012), 2013_Theune, Archaeology and Remembrance: The Contemporary Archaeology of Concentration Camps, Prisoner-of-War Camps and Battlefields, I could hardly wait to get out of this camp, even though I knew it would only get worse until liberation came. On Hungarian Jewish Accounts of Buchenwald Concentration Camp from 1945-46, The Holocaust Template - Memorial Museums in Hungary, Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina, The Voids of Sepharad. The owner of the Wiener-Graben quarry (the Marbacher-Bruch and Bettelberg quarries) was a DEST Company: an acronym for Deutsche Erd und Steinwerke GmbH. 7 and 8) on 17 April 1940,[19] while the first transport of prisoners mostly from the camps in Dachau and Sachsenhausen arrived just over a month later, on 25 May. In the final months of the war, the main source of dietary energy, the parcels of food sent through the International Red Cross, stopped and food rations became catastrophically low. The second part of the companion volume contains over 300 personal, academic and literary biographies written by over 250 project partners about those who were murdered in the Mauthausen concentration camp system, or who later died as a result of that imprisonment. Created as a "model concentration camp" to hide Nazi atrocities from the international community, this former camp-ghetto now holds a museum and memorial honoring the lives lost within. In 1945 the energy content was even lower and did not exceed 600 to 1,000 calories (2,500 to 4,200kJ) a day less than a third of the energy needed by an average worker in heavy industry.

[27] The list of companies using slave labour from Mauthausen and its subcamps was long, and included both national corporations and small, local firms and communities. [7][note 1], Mauthausen initially served as a strictly-run prison camp for common criminals, prostitutes[12] and other categories of "Incorrigible Law Offenders". Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Some prisoners were in such a weakened state that many still died in the days and weeks after liberation. [81][82] His troop disarmed the policemen and left the camp. The room is understood as an addition to existing memorials, which commonly place remembrance in a national or group-specific context. Tens of thousands of prisoners arrived on several large transports. When the Allied strategic bombing campaign started to target the German war industry, German planners decided to move production to underground facilities that were impenetrable to enemy aerial bombardment. The following day, the guards of Mauthausen were replaced with unarmed Volkssturm soldiers and an improvised unit formed of elderly police officers and fire fighters evacuated from Vienna. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. With its expertise in curating offline as well as online exhibitions (e.g. With a thematic focus and an impressive art project with the title #eachnamematters, the Mauthausen Concentration Camp Memorial will commemorate the victims of the Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp system from May 4 to 6, 2022, and contrast mere numbers with individual names. It promotes the teaching of history, communicates its significance for present and future times and aims at pointing out comparable present-day developments, tendencies and processes. [45], In early 1941, almost all the Poles and Spaniards, except for a small group of specialists working in the quarry's stone mill, were transferred from Mauthausen to Gusen. The second part of the companion volume contains over 300 personal, academic and literary biographies written by over 250 project partners about those who were murdered in the Mauthausen concentration camp system, or who later died as a result of that imprisonment. An abandoned monument remembering the "Panevo Holocaust" now stands as a shadow of its former self. The room is meant to offer a more individual alternative to monuments that focus on groups who were killed and those that feature Germanized versions of victims names. On the other hand, the sites of the former satellite camps and of the branch camp Gusen were long repressed from commemoration by state authority. According to Daniel Patrick Brown, Hildegard Lchert also served at Mauthausen.[55]. [43] Camp Gusen II was called by Germans Vernichtungslager fr die polnische Intelligenz ("Extermination camp for the Polish intelligentsia").