2009-10-20T08:43:14+09:00 Oxygen gas needs to be cooled down to very low temperatures in order to obtain its liquid form. Physical methods use the paramagnetic property of oxygen or thermal conductivity as the basis for quantitative determinations. uuid:6ab81e4d-1683-4c8d-b6e8-b16fa51e9def

But how do we confirm the magnetic property in gases experimentally? 104 0 obj <> endobj 101 0 obj <>stream A ferromagnetic substance, like iron, retains magnetic property even after the field is removed.

Magnetism is not a new thing; most of us must have tried magnetizing an iron piece in our childhood and would have pondered on why wood or plastics cannot be magnetized. Cold oxygen molecules are attracted by a strong magnetic field and when they are heated they leave the magnetic field.

Oxygen gas molecules contain an even number of electrons and generally paramagnetism is associated with the presence of an unpaired electron in the system. One could safely assume that the existence of life on earth is next to impossible if not for the magnetic shield that protects us from the dangerous radiation coming from space. Paramagnetic and ferromagnetic materials are attracted towards the magnetic field. application/pdf

Adobe Acrobat 8.12 Paper Capture Plug-in To experimentally verify the same one can think of passing oxygen gas through magnetic field and see if it is deflected.

This is done with the help of liquid nitrogen.

This gives rise to a current which generates a measure of the oxygen content. Electrons pair up in an atom and the resultant magnetic field is zero, but when an unpaired electron is present this process does not occur and it results in a system that is attracted by the magnetic field. There are a number of oxygen analyzers which use the unique paramagnetic properties of oxygen. %PDF-1.6 %

Most gases are slightly diamagnetic and repelled out of a magnetic field.

Lets discuss an experiment that confirms paramagnetism in oxygen. 2009-10-15T13:36:49+09:00

Depending on their magnetic properties materials are classified into paramagnetic, diamagnetic, ferromagnetic etc.

The determination of oxygen (O2) is important in many processes. Paramagnetism is strongly temperature-dependent. All Rights Reserved | User Sitemap. Paramagnetic method uses the paramagnetic property of oxygen to measure its content. To sign up for Physics tuition, please fill in the contact form below: Copyright: Best Physics Tuition Centre.

To simplify how exactly an unpaired electron affects magnetic property; we know that time varying electric field results in magnetic field and vice versa, a moving electron results in magnetic field as learnt in the topic of Electromagnetism during our Physics tuition classes.

HW]o[7}"\cll`!76Wf}.y-{f(a!9sxCVjontud~|n+S?A|Syi\$eKhV$wlW]Z5mb!a%\hW=&)-4UgMbG6tE+fy3Gs-,*)$Tb|&hb{j}YoY_Ap) 0 qN%yKmV/^. In a gas, unlike liquids, molecules are separated by large empty spaces and the interaction between the molecules can be safely assumed to be null, due to this the molecules are free to move anywhere within the vessel containing them. So, in order to circumvent our problem oxygen needs to be cooled down until it turns into liquid and see if the liquid is affected by magnetic field. Theoretically, more precisely as per Molecular orbital theory, one unpaired electron is present in oxygen molecule though there are even number of electrons in it. This is because of the paramagnetic property of oxygen i.e., oxygen is attracted by the magnetic poles. uuid:ca27c43e-ab13-4832-880e-a797f4992924 When liquid oxygen is poured down through magnetic poles, some of it gets collected at the magnet.

2009-10-20T08:43:14+09:00

An interesting thing is not just solids like iron possess the property to be attracted to magnets but also gases like oxygen show similar signs. endstream endobj 105 0 obj <>/Encoding<>>>>> endobj 94 0 obj <> endobj 95 0 obj <> endobj 96 0 obj <> endobj 97 0 obj <> endobj 98 0 obj <> endobj 99 0 obj <> endobj 100 0 obj <> endobj 76 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB]>>/Type/Page>> endobj 79 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB]>>/Type/Page>> endobj 82 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB]>>/Type/Page>> endobj 85 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB]>>/Type/Page>> endobj 88 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB]>>/Type/Page>> endobj 519 0 obj <>stream

On the contrary, oxygen does not retain this magnetic property once the field is removed and hence it is a paramagnetic substance. But, because the kinetic energy of the gas molecules is very high, these molecules are generally not affected by the magnetic force acting on them.

A coiled tube is immersed in liquid nitrogen and oxygen gas is pumped into the tube from one end and oxygen liquid can be collected at the other. Thus the kinetic energy of the molecules in a liquid is much less than that of the molecules (of the same type) present in gases. Magnetism is the thread connecting the functioning of a household compass and the auroras observed at poles.

Methods for measuring oxygen contents are either physical or chemical. Oxygen is different, it is a paramagnetic gas, which means that it is attracted by a magnetic field. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Fourier transform infrared (FT - IR) spectroscopy, Non dispersive infrared (ND-IR) spectroscopy, Emission testing for on-road and off-road vehicles and machinery.