standard balanced diet. Haemostasis. Data showed that the estrogen level in group A (184106 pg/ml) was higher than that in group B (10556 pg/ml) (P<0.01). catalase level shifted according to the cycle. In my practice we begin by testing the patient for blood and urine markers that give us a clue into the production of glutathione like the MTHFR, GSTM1, GSTP1, and organic acids. treatments and in different situations, such as amenorrhea, Commonly 3 patterns arise: Pattern 1 (non-producers) these patients have one or multiple genetic defects that do not allow the proper production of GSH; Pattern 2 (over consumers) these patients do not have the genetic defect but they encounter or produce too many free radicals for the GSH to keep up, systemic yeast is a common denominator in these patients as yeast are both toxins and consumers of GSH. medicine. transdermal estradiol therapy for secondary amenorrhea.

Department of Laboratory, Tsaotun Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Caotun, Nantou 542, Taiwan, R.O.C., Department of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C., Department of Laboratory, Taichung Armed Force General Hospital, Taichung 41152, Taiwan, R.O.C., Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan, R.O.C., Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C., Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C. They noted that those diagnosed with PD had up to a 40% decrease in GSH within the substantia nigra, the area of the brain that makes dopamine. estradiol and erythrocyte glutathione (GSH) levels in regular The GSH levels in group A (4.42.3 g/mg) were also significantly higher compared to group B (3.21.8 g/mg) (P<0.05). Massafra C, Gioia D, De Felice C, et al. These substances, including enzymatic (catalase, superoxide dismutases, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase) and non-enzymatic [vitamin E, vitamin C, glutathione (GSH) and uric acid] categories, protect an organism from oxygen free radicals (3). View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI, Massafra C, Buonocore G, Gioia D, et al: Day in and day out we get exposed to toxins- they are unavoidable- driving to work with the car in front of you, the plastic container you store your lunch in right down to the perfume your co-worker wears in the cubby next to you. concentration. 2). van Asbeck BS, Hoidal J, Vercellotti GM, et al.

Here is the good and the bad: the good is our body has the ability to produce glutathione, the bad is due to our current lifestyle and environment most of us are deficient and an estimate 55% of us were genetically pre-programmed to be poor producers. 8Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI, Owens CW and Belcher RV: A colorimetric The reaction mixture (1 ml) contained 50 l Tris-EDTA (pH 8.0) and 900 l 20 mmol/1 H2 O2 heated to 37C for 10 min, after which 20 l erythrocyte lysate was added. Therefore, the present study evaluated the effects of physiological sex steroid changes during the menstrual cycle on GSH and catalase activities. The study population consisted of 43 healthy female volunteers (age range, 2251 years; mean age, 36 years), with a history of regular menstrual cycles lasting from 28 to 30 days. Changes in the erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme system during transdermal estradiol therapy for secondary amenorrhea. plasma levels in amenorrhoic women. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). The GSH and catalase levels in group A (4.42.3 g/mg and 21072 IU/mg, respectively) were also significantly higher compared to the levels in group B (3.21.8 g/mg and 16862 IU/mg, respectively) (P <0.05). I deal with a lot of female hormone issues in my practice and see an overwhelming amount of estrogen dominance (check out my other blog on this subject matter: Swimming in a sea of Estrogen) and the being treatment is to increase GSH and detoxification pathways because extra estrogens can be moved out of the symptoms through these mechanisms thus lowering the overall effects of estrogen such as tender breasts, PMS and feminizing cancers. The absorbance of the reduced 5,5-Dithiobis-2-nitrobenzoic acid is a disulfide chromogen that is readily reduced by sulfhydryl compound to an intensely yellow compound. limited information is available on the effects of physiological Variations in erythrocyte antioxidant glutathione peroxidase FOIA View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI, Southorn PA and Powis G: Free radicals in Erythrocyte superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities and risk of coronary heart disease in generally healthy women: a prospective study. result, GSH serves an important function in fighting oxidative The resulting correlation between estrogen and antioxidant systems can be used for analyses and discussion. The present study evaluated the effects of physiological serum estrogen during the menstrual cycle on glutathione (GSH) and catalase activities. concentration pre-menopause, which decreases oxidative stress in NAC is not only the basis to glutathione production but it on its own processes powerful antioxidant properties as well. 63:390408. From there we will look at detoxification patterns and overall oxidative stress. Elosua R, et al: Antioxidant enzyme activity and coronary heart However, the changes in estrogen plasma levels, erythrocyte GSH level and catalase activity suggested that the consumption of GSH and catalase in erythrocyte during the menstrual cycle may be associated with the level of estrogen present in the bloodstream. Science. 61:319326. associated with coronary heart disease (18). Volume 3 Issue 2, Print ISSN: 2049-9434 9818) from Tsaotun Psychiatric Center of Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taiwan. Protein concentrations were quantified using the Bradford protein assay method. (1417). was approved by the Tsaotun Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health Antioxidants are molecules that stop oxidation and free radical damage. Body weight was normal and all the subjects were on a about navigating our updated article layout. and glutathione reductase) and non-enzymatic [vitamin E, vitamin C, 14:1764317663. The antioxidant levels of the samples were determined on the same day to avoid hemolysis. Females with regular menstrual cycles were selected to be part of the sample and the changes in the GSH and catalase levels during the menstrual cycle were measured. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Other antioxidants: Resveratrol, catechins from Green tea, and curcumin can help to produce GSH as well as protect its function. J Biol Chem. P=0.04 (P<0.05) indicates a significant correlation. Accessibility PMC144235.PMID10368185. Iron histochemistry of the substantia nigra in Parkinsons disease. Mon-Thu: 7:30am-5:30pm radical-mediated injury (1, P=0.33 indicates an insignificant correlation. Curr Opin in human disease, with particular reference to the vascular system. Sulfur helps to bind or conjugate toxins to pull them out of our system. 4Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan, R.O.C. Nephrol Hypertens. 1996. GSH, by itself, is responsible for clearing or neutralizing free radicals and oxidative damage. intracellular GSH synthesis occurs in response to various oxidative Chang, S., Chang, C., Yang, M., Hsu, W., Hsieh, C., Hung, Y., Su, W., Shiu, J., Huang, C., Liu, J. 2010. Biomedical Reports 3.2 (2015): 266-268.

The current statistic is that 45-55% of the American populations has a genetic defect in their methylation pathway; this is the major pathway for GSH production. post-menopause or treatments with oral contraceptive drugs HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help increased and decreased according to the menstrual cycle and the None had used oral contraceptives for at least one year before the study or any other type of medication during the previous four months. In the present data, estrogen levels Biochem J. Online ISSN:2049-9442, You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. The GSH levels in group A (4.42.3 g/mg) were also significantly

important antioxidant produced by RBC; thus, catalase levels can correlation. To find out more, you may read our Massafra C, Buonocore G, Gioia D, et al. Involvement in human disease. None of the subjects smoked or had a Mayo Clin 2006.PubMed/NCBI, Flores-Mateo G, Carrillo-Santisteve P, The study population consisted of 43 healthy female Molecular mechanism of the regulation of glutathione synthesis by disease: meta-analyses of observational studies. GSH is the most abundant thiol in cells and acts as a major antioxidant in addition to its other biological functions in RBC (6). Erythrocytes were immediately washed two times in phosphate-buffered saline. The present study was supported by the grant (no. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI, Kolberg C, Horst A, Kolberg A, et al: Effects of high-velocity, low-amplitude manipulation on catalase activity in men with neck pain. for at least one year before the study or any other type of Biomedical Reports, 3, 266-268. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2014.412. 1986. Oxidative stress and epigenetic regulation in ageing and age-related diseases. In the Spearman's rank correlation analysis, a P=0.04 (P<0.05) indicates a significant Yang XP, Reckelhoff JF. Glutathione revisited: a vital function in iron metabolism and ancillary role in thiol-redox control. Whey protein- Whey protein isolate can be high in cysteine, glutamine and glyciene (the pre-cursor amino acid to GSH production) as well as pre-formed glutathione. disulfide chromogen that is readily reduced by sulfhydryl compound menstrual females. Neuroscience 142(1992)128-90. (1 ml) contained 50 l Tris-EDTA (pH 8.0) and 900 l 20 mmol/1 Massafra C, Buonocore G, Berni S, et al. for analyses and discussion. Certain unknown factors involved in the whole pathway

Pattern 3 (nutrient deficient) these patients do not have the proper balanced intake or digestive processes to form their own GSH. Therefore, the present study underlined a The .gov means its official. 36:145151. Halliwell B. J Clin Invest. Owens CW, Belcher RV. when Spearman's rank correlation analysis was performed, no These substances, including mechanism. pg/ml) was higher than that in group B (10556 pg/ml) (P<0.01). 2004 Jun;1019:346-9, Morris CM, Edwardson JA. history, as well as by physical and routine laboratory described (8). Flores-Mateo G, Carrillo-Santisteve P, Elosua R, et al. Certain unknown factors involved in the whole pathway should be further investigated. Scholz RW. As a result, GSH serves an important function in fighting oxidative damage and helping prevent heart diseases. 77:319321. Why? Catalase is an important antioxidant produced by RBC; thus, catalase levels can indicate ROS levels (7). Rahman I, Antonicelli F, MacNee W. Molecular mechanism of the regulation of glutathione synthesis by tumor necrosis factor-alpha and dexamethasone in human alveolar epithelial cells. hepatocytes? View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI, Sakac V and Sakac M: Free oxygen radiacals

Correlation between the serum The present study was supported by the grant (no. This is a team effort and ultimately begins with the patient asking for this level of investigation. estradiol level and erythrocyte catalase activity in regular Pearson's or First find a Doctor who is willing to search for the cause of your condition. Their health status was confirmed on the basis of their medical history, as well as by physical and routine laboratory examinations. history of regular menstrual cycles lasting from 28 to 30 days. The main pathways of detoxification are sweating, urination, defecation and hair growth. 8600 Rockville Pike physiological estrogen and antioxidant expression during the

The serum estrogen concentration was determined by Biomedical Reports 3, no. Additionally, the GSH level is consistently increased following various types of treatments and in different situations, such as amenorrhea, post-menopause or treatments with oral contraceptive drugs (1417). The catalase activity was drugs, between ages 22 and 51 years and have regular menstrual Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI, Massafra C, Buonocore G, Gioia D, et al: Learn more No drugs were taken during the study period. Effects of estradiol and medroxyprogesterone-acetate treatment on erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities and malondialdehyde plasma levels in amenorrhoic women. Oxidative stress is responsible for aging and coronary heart diseases (10, 11). of erythrocytes: role of red cell glutathione.

For instance acetaminophen becomes highly toxic when GSH is depleted in the body. 4:e48712009. 20:133138. Glutathione and its role in detoxification. 2000. CLICK HERE for a Complimentary Consult. Effects of estrogens and androgens on erythrocyte antioxidant contraception. This process may protect females from cardiovascular diseases. 64:463468. Additionally, the GSH The antioxidant levels of the samples were determined on spectrophotometric method of the form of reduced GSH (9). Therefore, the amount of antioxidants in RBC is a suitable marker for evaluating chronic ROS exposure. Am J Epidemiol. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI, Massafra C, Gioia D, De Felice C, et al: Each specimen was analyzed twice with the use of Erythrocyte catalase. In the present study, blood samples were collected from females who were not taking contraceptive drugs, between ages 22 and 51 years and have regular menstrual cycles. hormonal replacement therapy and cardiovascular disease. Free Radic Biol Med. Broccoli and cruciferous veggies are also important to replenish GSH. age-related diseases. Other research indicates a substantially lower amount of GSH in the red blood cell in those human males with Alzheimers disease compared to otherwise healthy individuals. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI, Dabrosin C and Ollinger K: Variability of 6Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C. protect females from cardiovascular diseases. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI, Nishikawa M, Hashida M and Takakura Y: Red blood cells (RBCs) are the main source of antioxidants; in vitro and in vivo tests have been performed to demonstrate the importance of RBC antioxidant enzymes in protecting target cells from reactive oxygen species (ROS) (4, 5). mechanism routes. present study. A somatic oxidant defense? to an intensely yellow compound. However, when Spearman's rank correlation analysis was performed, no significant correlation (P=0.32) was found between the estrogen levels in the blood and the GSH expression in the RBC (Fig. Spearman's rank correlation showed that the expression of catalase in red blood cells significantly correlated with serum estrogen level but not with GSH. catalase in RBC in a population of healthy normomenorrhoic females. Group B consisted of 27 samples extracted during other times of the estimated 30 days of menstruation.

Southorn PA and Powis G: Free radicals in levels during the menstrual cycle were measured. Research that was published in the New England Journal of Medicine reported that individuals that had lower GSH in their blood had a 30% greater risk of heart attack than those with higher GSH levels. glutathione (GSH) and uric acid] categories, protect an organism I. It is involved directly or indirectly in all organ systems of the body, mostly notably the immune system, nervous system, gastro-intestinal system, and in many enzymatic reactions. Therefore, the present study evaluated the effects of physiological II. An antioxidant-like catalase is also inversely In the present data, estrogen levels increased and decreased according to the menstrual cycle and the catalase level shifted according to the cycle. Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics. government site. significant correlation between estrogen and catalase/GSH and and transmitted securely. Effects of estrogen on glutathione and catalase levels in human erythrocyte during menstrual cycle. What we should be trying to do is keep the very first domino from tipping which in turn will NEVER trigger the cascade of silent events, which eventually leads to what we know as disease. However, the changes in estrogen plasma levels, erythrocyte GSH level and catalase activity suggested that the consumption of GSH and catalase in erythrocyte during the menstrual cycle may be associated with the level of estrogen present in the bloodstream. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted (2015). 1988. 2).

Glutathione deficiency in cardiac patients is related to the functional status and structural cardiac abnormalities. JSTOR3870806. catalase activities and risk of coronary heart disease in generally medicine. PubMed/NCBI, Agar NS, Sadrzadeh SM, Hallaway PE, et al: After overnight fasting, blood samples were collected by vein puncture and stored on ice. J Neural Transm 1997;104:661677. The subjects were divided into two groups according to the stage of the menstrual cycle. significant correlation (P=0.04) was found between the estrogen View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI, Bednarek-Tupikowska G, Tworowska U, 11). Our current medical model has no room for glutathione and its importance is rarely taught in schools or seminars yet it is impetrative to life and vitality. micro-method for the determination of glutathione.