In this sense, it is equally as important to set the agenda in world politics and attract others as it is to force them to change through the threat or use of military or economic weapons. Total global subscriptions reached 1.1 billion in 2020. SCHNEIDER, Cynthia. That is, there is no single definition and academic debate about the field of study is scarce, especially when cultural diplomacy is related to cinema. Available in: https://forbes.com.br/forbes-money/2021/03/um-ano-depois-do-inicio-da-pandemia-plataformas-de-streaming-contabilizam-ganhos/ Access on June 15, 2021. Leadership Personality Characteristics and Foreign Policy, Lean Forward and Pull Back Options for US Grand Strategy, Mediation via International Organizations, National Liberation, International Law and Wars of. Sobre estas relaciones simblicas de poder, el artculo profundiza en un breve registro de datos, sobre el desempeo y posibles adaptaciones sobre la organizacin de festivales de cine, durante el ao 2020, y a lo largo de la pandemia global, que exponencializ la digitalizacin de algunos procesos estructurantes en el mbito internacional de circulacin del cine. Between the material available by Brazilian researchers, only one addresses the theme of cultural diplomacy as an academic term, considering that none of them specifically presents the issue of cinema in dialogue, and neither is the theme of festival circuits addressed. Uansett hvorfor du gjr det, kan det vre en lsning p et problem du har hatt! Decisions to do so, or rather opt for postponing or cancelling, were not only a matter of crisis management, but involved careful consideration of the strategic interests of the various stakeholders involved, and awareness of possible long-term repercussions on dynamics and power relations in the media industries at large. Among the authors who highlight the crucial role that culture and political values can play in a country's international performance, one of the most emblematic in the field is the intellectual Joseph Nye (1990), who coined the term Soft Power. Sjekk online vurderinger. Your current browser may not support copying via this button.

So Bernardo do Campo: UMESP, 2004. Regarding the inter-regional and international issue specifically observed in this Article, the report presents in a given extreme importance and relevance, so therefore the amount of 73% of festivals that hosted events online, 100% said they had reached a wider audience and were more diverse than its latest editions.

This information shows us an interesting international alternate scenario if we consider the ideas of cultural diplomacy, however, we continue reporting the research data, because, in qualitative terms, the interviewees, of these 73% who transposed their operations to online, list advantages of the hybrid or purely virtual format of 2020. endstream endobj 118 0 obj <>]/PageLabels 109 0 R/Pages 111 0 R/Type/Catalog/ViewerPreferences<>>> endobj 119 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/Properties<>/MC1<>/MC10<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>>>/MC11<>/MC12<>/MC13<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>>>/MC14<>/MC15<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>>>/MC16<>/MC17<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>>>/MC2<>>>/MC3<>/MC4<>>>/MC5<>/MC6<>>>/MC7<>/MC8<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>>>/MC9<>>>>>/Rotate 0/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 515.906 728.504]/Type/Page>> endobj 120 0 obj <>stream Some works could reasonably be placed in either category. In addition to the exhibition sector, in the audiovisual production segment the impact is not smaller and affects even more extensively, not only companies but also workers. Isso posto, o artigo objetiva transpor conceitos tericos para a prtica contempornea e assim, verificar as influncias e consequncias da virtualizao para as subjetividades e significados da diplomacia cultural, no que tange o conceito de alteridade sobre as identidades interconectadas na atual comunidade global. Hvis du tror at kostnadene for kosmetisk kirurgi er for hye i USA, br du vurdere gjre operasjonen i India eller Mexico. %PDF-1.6 % Given the international context established in the first decades of the 21st century, hyperconnected and interdependent, it is possible to identify a multicultural and complex imaginary sphere, where the relationship between countries becomes increasingly symbolic and subjective. tYZf>!ePSR35^/Y!O+bV|^>,7XD8%H:*s&MPr=hn Lc8{k--!c~1@{n>Zr%AwvZqN0c9/n*@fe>:XJd7gY h5;YPHtk`v$+HjnMqya . .!OJ{QG[2cy;~7m=ps\v/tJ/Rg(5u-U;$ds6

It is the space in between, the mid-sized festivals that have professionalized their organizations but are devoid of solid financing and depend on incidental sponsoring and funds, that may be most at risk; they need a lot of partnered cultural institutions to make up for a lack of funds. Hvis du er det, er det veldig viktig sette seg ned med deg selv. underske sykehuset der operasjonen skal utfres er et utmerket trinn i beslutningsprosessen. LA PORTE, Teresa. JDnCU`HR$X 5$+~[1PZ XhP/>Io$pY)3{` O&?q&41YK\gCl>355|1d6_o. Published by Routledge (2016). (RIBEIRO, 2011, p.19), From then onwards, the view is adjusted to the role of cinema as a central asset, with regard to diplomatic cultural exchanges, and who contrasts the subject is Melo (2002) who places discourse in cinema as the conceptual space in which identities are permanently constructed, reconstructed and translated, with the influence of contexts determined by social, cultural, geographic, spatial, material and linguistic conditions. endstream endobj 121 0 obj <>stream Overall, and adding the perceptions of the spectator public also interviewed by the report, it can be concluded that the year 2020 was definitely a challenge for film festivals, however, it also opened up opportunities for innovation and application of new concepts, formats and approaches for the marketplace. It's a kind of immaterial power. Sobre estas relaciones simblicas de poder, el artculo profundiza en un breve registro de datos, sobre el desempeo y posibles adaptaciones sobre la organizacin de festivales de cine, durante el ao 2020, y a lo largo de la pandemia global, que exponencializ la digitalizacin de algunos procesos estructurantes en el mbito internacional de circulacin del cine. SOARES, Maria Susana Arrosa. In the global scenario of entertainment consumption during the pandemic, the MPA (Motion Pictures Association) report shows that there was a 26% increase in platform subscriptions, which corresponds to 232 million new accounts. Just under 20 festivals and shows took place in person, reaching only 7% of the circuit's configuration. You could not be signed in, please check and try again. In this sense, let us explore the concepts of cultural diplomacy that can be implemented in this debate. According to ANESP National Association of Specialists in Public Policies and Government Management, on 2019 in So Paulo alone, the segment handled more than 500 million R$ and generated more than 25 thousand jobs.

International cultural relations extend beyond the actions of governments and their agencies, and can be carried out by civil society actors (GOMES, 2015).

Alongside this reflection, I found writings by contemporary authors in books, such as Edgard Telles Ribeiro (Cultural Diplomacy: your role in Brazilian Foreign Policy, 2011), and I have in this author's text the main theoretical contribution to the research. In this way, 220 events (93%) were held in 2020, which opened registrations for works that joined the online film exhibition at some point. Diante dos inmeros cancelamentos de eventos culturais ao redor do globo, a dinmica do circuito dos festivais de cinema e suas representaes assumiram novos rumos e diferentes perspectivas. Folkcomunicao: teoria e metodologia. Oxford Bibliographies Online is available by subscription and perpetual access to institutions. These organizers created a variety of face-to-face and virtual formats, combined with experiences for their audiences in 2020. Er du redd for f plastisk kirurgi p grunn av hva andre vil si? BENJAMIN, Roberto. On the one hand, due to the different perceptions of time and space related to territoriality and opportunity that the festivals attracted to their denominations of origin, and on the other by the democratization of access that expands in the virtual world beyond the restricted community of the main festivals that regulate the market traditionally. Soares (2008) concludes in his work that, even if cultural diplomacy has a subordinate position in the cultural affairs departments or directorates of the organization chart of the Ministries of Foreign Affairs and that this reveals the reduced importance given to culture in the foreign policy of countries and cultural activities identified in some cases, such as in Brazil, to cultural diplomacy are presented as exhibitions, fairs, congresses, festivals and other occasional short-term cultural events. Ribeiro. In world politics, it is possible for a country to get the results it wants because others want to accompany it, admiring its values, imitating its example, aspiring to its level of prosperity and freedom. With movie theaters closed and festivals suspended, the film value chain was at a standstill. Thus, it creates or consolidates an atmosphere that favors understanding. In qualitative terms, we can analyze the Brazilian scenario of exhibitions and festivals in 2020, based on the categorization of the events that made it up, observing the behavior of cultural diplomacy in the internal environment and then considering it in the external space. Nacionalismo, globalizao e modernidade. There is no consensus about the definition of cultural diplomacy. The Vienna Conventions on Diplomatic and Consular Relation Theories of International Relations, Feminist, Time Series Approaches to International Affairs, War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1714), World War II Diplomacy and Political Relations. this page. As circumstantial evidence, the presence of economic blocs in the discussion on cultural diplomacy is noted, which leads us to add another layer of observation to the present work. We are all witnessing a crisis in the multilateral and interconnected system in which we live until 2020, the pandemic caused by Sars-coV-2, the new coronavirus, has nuanced cracks for reflection in absolutely every beam of light of thoughts in our society. On one hand, certain spatial patterns are very efficient, as well as in constructing and maintaining alterity. What happens when this space no longer has a reference territory? EUROPEAN COORDINATION OF FILM FESTIVALS: The socio-economic impact of film festivals in Europe. La diplomacia cultural americana: una apuesta por el recurso al poder blando. Furthermore, according to the report in 2020, we registered the holding of 239 Brazilian festivals and exhibitions, the smallest amount in the historical series of the sector's yearbooks, with about 100 fewer events compared to 2017, 2018 and 2019.

Expand or collapse the "in this article" section, Key Research Centers in the Study of Cultural Diplomacy, Expand or collapse the "related articles" section, Expand or collapse the "forthcoming articles" section, International Norms for Cultural Preservation and Cooperation, Academic Theories of International Relations Since 1945, Armed Conflicts/Violence against Civilians Data Sets, Audience Costs and the Credibility of Commitments, Brazilian Foreign Policy, The Politics of, Case Study Methods in International Relations, Comparative Foreign Policy Security Interests, Complex Systems Approaches to Global Politics, Conflict Behavior and the Prevention of War, Contemporary ShiaSunni Sectarian Violence, Critical Theory of International Relations, Epidemic Diseases and their Effects on History, Ethics and Morality in International Relations, European Security and Defense Policy, The, European Union, International Relations of the, Feminist Methodologies in International Relations. Caminhos trilhados, horizontes possveis: um olhar sobre a diplomacia cultural do Estado brasileiro no perodo de 2003 a 2010. Cultural exchange enables the transfer of ideas, experiences, values, from one person to another. Some widely cited definitions focus on the supposed key agent of cultural diplomacy, governments. The only one mentioned, by Maria Susana Arrosa Soares, is an article published in 2008 in Revista Brasileira de Politica, vol. From this perspective, only arts initiatives that include the official participation of governments to achieve foreign policy goals count as cultural diplomacy. This notion can be acquired if we think about socialization, that is, the informal connections that cultural encounters provide as the core of diplomacy. The universe of cultural diplomacy involves State actions that deal directly with individuals, their perceptions and values, such as the exchange of people; the promotion of art and artists, language teaching as a vehicle of values, the integrated distribution of promotional material, support for intellectual cooperation projects, support for technical cooperation initiatives, among others (RIBEIRO, 2011). As puesto, el artculo tiene como objetivo trasponer conceptos tericos a la prctica contempornea y pronto verificar las influencias y consecuencias de la virtualizacin para las subjetividades y significados de la diplomacia cultural, a respecto del concepto de alteridad sobre las identidades interconectadas en la comunidad global actual. Where countries attend, identify and exchange, without thought or planned structures for participation, that is, randomly and on a case-by-case basis. people who attended some kind of festival, online or in person. This relationship of space and territory, that is, the territorialization of festivals is a basic premise for the definitions of cultural diplomacy that directly associate festivals with the spaces in which they take place and also define them as spaces of international otherness. Given the challenges of the pandemic, it is possible to consider that there were some changes in the value chain of the festival's legitimizing circuit, which made possible a certain expansion and renewal of the film festivals concepts and its articulating agents. Copy this link, or click below to email it to a friend. Following the author's reasoning is in environments against audiovisual products, especially independent films, the projects developed by government subsidies, that cultural identities are mirrored in otherness and thus exist and naturally profuse themselves (HECHT, 1993, p. 79).