[61] The city was divided into 14 colaciones, and numerous new church buildings were added. rea de Estudios rabes e Islmicos, "La conquista cristiana de Andaluca y el destino de la poblacin musulmana (621-62 H/1224-64). A Roman forum is known to have existed in the city in 113 BC. Precipitation is concentrated in the coldest months; this is due to the dry summer climate pattern featured in large parts of the Iberian Peninsula.

B #206 Merced, Ca. Jardines del Conde de Vallellano, located on both sides of the avenue of the same name. [16] Later, Corduba occupied an important place in the Provincia Hispaniae of the Byzantine Empire (552572) and under the Visigoths, who conquered it in the late 6th century.[22][23]. [69] In the following weeks, Queipo de Llano and Major Bruno Ibaez carried out a bloody repression in which 2,000 persons were executed. [48] Al-Mamun did not cease in his efforts to take the city, and making use of a Sevillian renegade who murdered the Abbadid governor, he triumphantly entered the city on 15 February 1075, only to die there barely five months later, apparently poisoned. [15] Pre-urban settlements around the mouth of the Guadalquivir river are known to have existed from the 8th century BC.

During these Muslim periods, Crdoba was transformed into a world leading center of education and learning, producing figures such as Averroes, Ibn Hazm, and Al-Zahrawi,[8][9] and by the 10th century it had grown to be the second-largest city in Europe. August's 24-hour average of 28.0C (82F) is also one of the highest in Europe, despite relatively cool nightly temperatures.[79]. [21], In the late Roman period, Corduba's bishop Hosius (Ossius) was the dominant figure of the western Church throughout the earlier 4th century. Crdoba was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site on 17 December 1984, but the city has a number of modern areas, including the district of Zoco and the area surrounding the railway station. [64] Crdoba became connected by railway to Jerez and Cdiz in 1861 and, in 1866, following the link with Manzanares, with Madrid. The closest airports to the city are Seville Airport (110km as the crow flies), Granada Airport (118km) and Mlaga Airport (136km).[124][125]. Would you like to be updated about Merced County Events? Several bus companies operate intercity bus services to and from Crdoba. Some of those that remain are: Scattered throughout the city are ten statues of the Archangel Raphael, protector and custodian of the city. [87] Later Umayyad rulers expanded the mosque, adding a minaret and extending the prayer hall. [17] The famous Cordoba Treasure, with mixed local and Roman artistic traditions, was buried in the city at this time; it is now in the British Museum. [41], On 15 February 1009, with Hisham II as caliph and Sanchuelo as hajib (and de facto ruler), a revolution broke out in Crdoba, which led to the proclamation of an alternative caliph. [16] The date is contested; it could have been founded in 152 BC. In the Jardines de la Agricultura is the monument to the painter Julio Romero de Torres, a bust by sculptor Mateo Inurria, a bust of the poet Julio Aumente and the sculpture dedicated to the gardener Aniceto Garca Roldn, who was killed in the park. The putschists were met by the resistance of the political and social representatives who had gathered in the civil government headquarters,[68] and remained there until the Nationalist rifle fire and the presence of artillery broke their morale. Unsubscribe at any time. The Plano de Crdoba was also known for its books and how they created it. It is another major example of Islamic architecture in Spain and has been undergoing excavation and reconstruction since 1911. [77] The landscape of the valley is further subdivided in the piedmont connecting with the Sierra, the fluvial terraces and the most immediate vicinity of the river course. Crdoba also has a professional futsal team, Crdoba Patrimonio de la Humanidad, which plays in the Primera Divisin de Futsal. It includes a large L-shaped pond with a capacity of 3,000m. Barbara Messina, Geometrie in pietra.

The city is also well connected by highways with the rest of the country and Portugal. [65] The city was also eventually connected to Mlaga and Belmez. [37] It was also famous as a centre of learning, home to over 80 libraries and institutions of learning,[34][38] with knowledge of medicine, mathematics, astronomy, botany far exceeding the rest of Europe at the time. [70][71][72] The ensuing Francoist repression in wartime and in the immediate post-war period (19361951) is estimated to have led to around 9,579 killings in the province.[73]. The second half of the 19th century saw the arrival of railway transport via the opening of the SevilleCrdoba line on 2 June 1859. Towers and fortresses include the Malmuerta Tower, Torre de Beln and the Puerta del Rincn's Tower. The population gradually learned copper and silver metallurgy. Crdoba was captured by the Muslims in 711 or 712. [87] After the Christian conquest of the city the mosque was converted to a cathedral. Annual rain surpasses 600mm (24in), although it is recognized to vary from year to year. [citation needed] Another, suggested in 1799 by Jos Antonio Conde, is that the name comes from a Phoenician-Punic qart bah meaning 'good town'. Once a Roman settlement, it was taken over by the Visigoths, followed by the Muslim conquests in the eighth century and later becoming the capital of the Umayyad Caliphate of Crdoba. [citation needed] Crdoba was conquered by the Romans in 206 BC. Amazing Views And An Easy Hike. Yosemite and COVID-19 The latest update information, Hiking Sentinel Dome. The city is home to 12 Christian churches that were built (many as transformations of mosques) by Ferdinand III of Castile after the reconquest of the city in the 13th century. [66], On 18 July 1936, the military governor of the province, Col.Ciriaco Cascajo[es], launched the Nationalist coup in the city, bombing the civil government and arresting the civil governor, Rodrguez de Len;[67] these actions ignited the Spanish Civil War. Ltd. All rights reserved, Palm Suite - Small Luxury Hotels of The World, tiket pesawat Bandara Friuli Venezia Giulia ke Bandara Melbourne, tiket pesawat Bandara Friuli Venezia Giulia ke Bandara Internasional Athena Eleftherios Venizelos, tiket pesawat Bandara Friuli Venezia Giulia ke Bandara Frederico Garcia Lorca Granada-Jan, tiket pesawat Bandara Friuli Venezia Giulia ke Bandara Internasional SoekarnoHatta, tiket pesawat Bandara Friuli Venezia Giulia ke Bandara Copenhagen, tiket pesawat Bandara Friuli Venezia Giulia ke Bandara Malm-Sturup, tiket pesawat Bandara Internasional Athena Eleftherios Venizelos ke Rome, tiket pesawat Bandara Sabiha Gokcen ke Rome, tiket pesawat Bandara Internasional Vienna ke Rome, tiket pesawat Bandara Barcelona-El Prat ke Rome, tiket pesawat Bandara Internasional SoekarnoHatta ke Rome, tiket pesawat Bandara Internasional Ngurah Rai ke Rome, tiket pesawat Bandara Changi Singapura ke Rome, RedDoorz Near Mikie Holiday Funland Berastagi, Modern Furnished 1 BR @ The Accent Condominium Apartment, NIDA Rooms Perintis Kemerdekaan 18 Makassar, Good View 2BR Bintaro Park View Apartment, Yalong Bay Earthly Paradise Birds Nest Resort, 2 Bedrooms at Apartment Kalibata City Residence By Dahlia Property, Cozy and Relaxing 2BR Great Western Resort Apartment, SPOT ON 90276 Mayasari Guesthouse Pantai Krakal, RedDoorz Apartment near Exit Toll Colomadu, Comfy 2BR Gading Greenhill Pegangsaan Apartment|Comfy 2BR Gading Greenhill Pegangsaan Apartment, tiket pesawat United Airlines ke Bora Bora, tiket pesawat Angola Airlines-Dta Linhas Aereas De Angola ke Lima, tiket pesawat Pt Wings Abadi Airlines ke Medan, tiket pesawat Lan Airlines ke Sunshine Coast, tiket pesawat Czech Airlines ke Port Of Spain, tiket pesawat Provincial Airlines ke Brussels, tiket pesawat Air Mauritius ke Fort De France.

[82], Built in 930 AD, the mosque that this minaret adorned has been replaced by a church and the minaret re-purposed as a tower. Panoramics of Crdoba as drawn by Anton van den Wyngaerde in 1567, In the context of the Early Modern Period, the city experienced a golden age between 1530 and 1580, profiting from an economic activity based on the trade of agricultural products and the preparation of clothes originally from Los Pedroches, peaking at a population of about 50,000 by 1571. Cordobapedia is a Spanish language wiki founded in 2015, and provides historical and current information about the Crdoba region. In 1960, the museum was relocated to the Renaissance Palace of Pez de Castillo where it remains to present day. It was reduced to 20,000 inhabitants in the 18th century. Surrounding the large Old town are the Roman walls: gates include the Puerta de Almodvar, the Puerta de Sevilla and Puerta del Puente, which are the only three gates remaining from the original thirteen. In the western part of the Historic Centre are the statue of Seneca (near the Puerta de Almodvar, a gate from the time of Islamic rule, (the Statue of Averroes (next to the Puerta de la Luna), and Maimonides (in the plaza de Tiberiades). According to Arab sources, Crdoba fell on 23 Shawwal 633 (that is, on 30 June 1236, a day later than Christian tradition). [34][35][36] The vizier al-Mansurthe unofficial ruler of al-Andalus from 976 to 1002burned most of the books on philosophy to please the Moorish clergy; most of the others were sold off or perished in the civil strife not long after. [84][85][86]:281284 It integrated aspects of Islamic architecture with some indigenous elements of Roman and Visigothic architecture. The registered maximum temperature at the Crdoba Airport, located at 6 kilometres (4 miles) from the city, was 46.9C (116.4F) on 13 July 2017 and 14 August 2021. [55] Years later, in 1229, the city submitted to the authority of Ibn Hud,[56] disavowing him in 1233, joining instead the territories under Muhammad Ibn al-Amar,[57] ruler of Arjona and soon-to-be emir of Granada. It became the capital of Baetica, with a forum and numerous temples, and was the main center of Roman intellectual life in Hispania Ulterior. Brad Haven Internet Services - 731 E. Yosemite Ave Ste. [78] It has the highest summer average daily temperatures in Spain and Europe (with highs averaging 36.9C (98F) in July) and days with temperatures over 40C (104F) are common in the summer months. The regional government (the Junta de Andaluca) has for some time[when?] After the Roman conquest, the town's name was Latinised as Corduba. The center of the Roman and Visigothic cities became the walled medina.

In Arabic it was known as (Quruba). Scattered throughout the garden are numerous sculptures such as the sculpture in memory of, Parque de Miraflores, located on the south bank of the river, Parque Cruz Conde, located southwest of the city, is an open park and barrier-free park in. If you are a resident of another country or region, please select the appropriate version of Tripadvisor for your country or region in the drop-down menu. ", "La Dinasta de los Banu Di L-Nun de Toledo", "Los inicios de la hegemona castellano-leonesa y la invasin almorvide", "Por una cronologa histrica sobre el arq Al-Andalus (s. XIII)", Universidad de Alicante. [122] The local youth basketball club, CD Cordobasket, had a professional team which played in the Liga EBA for three seasons before going on hiatus in August 2019. Crdoba railway station is connected by high speed trains to the following Spanish cities: Madrid, Barcelona, Seville, Mlaga and Zaragoza. It was sacked by Caesar in 45 because of its fealty to Pompey, and resettled with veteran soldiers by Augustus. [43] Hisham III was routed from Crdoba on 30 November 1031 and an oligarchic republic replaced the caliphate. La aportacin de las fuentes rabes", "El fuero de Crdoba: edicin crtica y traduccin", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientficas, "La poblacin andaluza en el siglo XVIII", "Datos del Registro de Entidades Locales", "World Map of the Kppen-Geiger climate classification updated", "Las ciudades donde hace ms calor de Espaa", "Valores climatolgicos extremos. [104] The museum was officially opened in 1867 and shared space with the Museum of Fine Arts until 1920. Fireworks Sales Sparkle for Area Non-Profits-, Merced County-Annual Children's Summit 2022 "Demystifying Childhood Mental Health", MARINES: Central California Veterans Annual Picnic, 5 Fee Free days for Yosemite National Park in 2022 (save money at the gate). Crdoba", "Los eternos jornaleros del Guadalquivir", "Torre de la Calahorra | Crdoba, Spain Attractions", "Complex map - Baths of Caliphate Castle | Virtual Tour", "Arab Baths of the Caliphal Alczar of Crdoba - "Caliphal Baths", "House of Sefarad, House of Memory - Crdoba", "El parque de La Asomadilla se inicia con la apertura de pozos", "Museums in Spain: Cordoba Archaeological Museum in Crdoba, Spain | spain.info USA", "Archaeological and Ethnological Museum of Crdoba", "Mapa del Museo - Museo de Julio Romero de Torres | Visita Virtual", "Museum of Julio Romero de Torres, Crdoba", "The Courtyards Festival of Cordoba - World Heritage", "Reglamento Orgnico General del Ayuntamiento de Crdoba", Municipal Elections 2007 in Crdoba: Cargos en la Corporacin Municipal, "Muere Hisae Yanase, la artista japonesa que ancl su sonrisa en Crdoba", "El Crdoba Futsal ser "Patrimonio de la Humanidad" en la nueva temporada", "El mapa municipal de Espaa. [50] In 1121, the population revolted against the abuses of the Almoravid governor. Further south, near the Puerta de Sevilla, are the sculpture to the poet Ibn Zaydn and the sculpture of the writer and poet Ibn Hazm and, inside the Alczar de los Reyes Cristianos, the monument to the Catholic Monarchs and Christopher Columbus. [29][30], Historians' estimations of Crdoba's population during the ninth century range from 75,000 to 160,000. It houses the tombs of, Iglesia de San Salvador y Santo Domingo de Silos, Santuario de Nuestra Seora de la Fuensanta. [42] This marked the beginning of a long period of civil war and conflict in Al-Andalus known as the Fitna. Abbas Ibn Firnas Bridge, Inaugurated in January 2011 It is part of the variant west of Crdoba. [37], The 10th century saw the construction of two palatine cities in the surroundings of Crdoba, Madnat al-Zahr to the west and another one built by Al-Mansur (Medina Alzahira[es]) to the east. There are also several sculptures in plazas of the Old Town. [112], Tourism is especially intense in Crdoba during May as this month hosts three of the most important annual festivals in the city:[113]. [117] The Council holds regular plenary sessions once a month, but can hold extraordinary plenary session to discuss issues and problems affecting the city.[118]. View centered on the city's historic core in relation to the, Prehistory, antiquity and Roman foundation of the city. Crdoba is located in the south of the Iberian Peninsula, in the depression formed by the Guadalquivir river, that cuts across the city in an east-north east to west-south west direction. [119][120] The municipal council consists of 29 members: 11 of PP, 7 of PSOE, 4 of IU, 4 of Ganemos Crdoba, 2 of Ciudadanos and 1 of Unin Cordobesa. More than 20 trains per day connect the downtown area, in 54 minutes, with Mlaga Mara Zambrano station, which provides interchange capability to destinations along the Costa del Sol, including Mlaga Airport. [80] The lowest registered temperature was 8.2C (17.2F), on 28 January 2005. Giannini editore, Napoli 2004, This page was last edited on 15 July 2022, at 08:50.

In the extreme southwest of the Old Town is the Alczar de los Reyes Cristianos, a former royal property and the seat of the Inquisition; adjacent to it are the Royal Stables, where Andalusian horses are bred. This is known as the duck pond, and, in the centre, has an island with a small building in which these animals live. The wider municipality extends across an area of 1,254.25km2,[74] making it the largest municipality in Andalusia and the fourth largest in Spain. Up the river, near the Miraflores bridge, is the "Hombre Ro", a sculpture of a swimmer looking to the sky and whose orientation varies depending on the current. [26]:8, Following the Abbasid ousting of the Umayyad caliphate after 750, surviving Umayyad figure Abd ar-Rahman crossed to the Iberian Peninsula in 756; he proclaimed himself emir and established his dynasty in Crdoba once rump wli Yusuf was defeated at a battle outside the city in May 756. One is that the Carthaginian general Hamilcar Barca named the city qart Juba, meaning "the City of Juba," a Numidian commander who had died in a battle nearby. Plaza de la Merced 7 Esquina calle Granada, Calle de Gomez Pallete 11 Esquina Teatro Cervantes, Calle Alcazabilla 14 casco historico, Malaga, Hotels near Museo Automovilistico & de la Moda, Hotels near Museo del Vidrio y Cristal de Malaga, Restaurants near Picnic Dreams Boutique Hostel, Restaurants near Apartamentos El Museo Living & Experience Club, Restaurants near Apartamentos Marques de la Merced, Restaurants near Hotel Palacete de Alamos, Restaurants near Estatua de Pablo Ruiz Picasso, Restaurants near Fundacion Picasso - Museo Natal, Restaurants near Voila Malaga Private Tours, Restaurants near Museo Interactivo de la Musica Malaga, Restaurants near Malaga - Centro Alameda Station, Love this place, great food and welcoming Staff., Los Patios de Beatas wine bar & restaurant, Solid food away from the tourist traps.. Its original construction is attributed to the Almohad period. The City Council of Crdoba is divided into different areas: the Presidency; Human Resources, Management, Tax and Public Administration; City Planning, Infraestructure, and Environment; Social; and Development. Ferdinand III entered the city on 29 June 1236, following a siege of several months. more, Paseo Maritimo Pablo Ruiz Picasso 71 Malagueta Beach. [41][46] An estimation of 65,000 inhabitants has been proposed for 11th-century Crdoba. [105], The Julio Romero de Torres Museum is located next to the Guadalquivir river and was opened in November 1931. [76], The differences in elevation in the Valley are very small, ranging from 100 and 170 metres above sea level,[76] with the city proper located at an average altitude of roughly 125 metres above sea level. The main bus station is located next to the train station. [40] Whatever Crdoba's population was, the city's apogee came to an abrupt halt after the 1009 crisis. [87] The building was listed as a World Heritage Site in 1984. The combined population of such an area would be around 351,000. Both the plaza and the inn get their name from the fountain in the centre of the plaza, which represents a foal (potro). Other sights include the Cuesta del Bailo (a staircase connecting the upper and lower part of the city). [31][32] The ruthless repression of the 818 revolt in the southern suburb of Crdoba led to the destruction of the place. They were to act both as churches and as the administrative centres in the neighborhoods into which the city was divided in medieval times. San Rafael Bridge, consisting of eight arches of 25m span and a length of 217m. The width is between parapets, divided into 12m of cobblestone for four circulations and two tiled concrete sidewalks.

[37], Crdoba had a prosperous economy, with manufactured goods including leather, metal work, glazed tiles and textiles, and agricultural produce including a range of fruits, vegetables, herbs and spices, and materials such as cotton, flax and silk. [25], In 747, a battle in the surroundings of Crdoba, the Battle of Saqunda[es], took place, pitting Arab Yemenites against northerner Qays. [53][54] Al-Bayyasi asked Ferdinand III of Castile for help and Crdoba revolted against him. Within the gardens there are two newly renovated facilities, the old Caseta del Crculo de la Amistad, today Caseta Victoria, and the Kiosko de la msica, as well as a small, Jardines de la Agricultura, located between the Jardines de la Victoria and the Paseo de Crdoba: it includes numerous trails that radially converge to a round square which has a fountain or pond. [124], (Christian) Capilla de San Bartolom (ca. [81], The historic centre of Crdoba has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1994. Cordoba The City that Changed Thought", "Tourism in Crdoba in Andalusia, Spain | spain.info USA", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crdoba,_Spain&oldid=1098327840, Municipalities in the Province of Crdoba (Spain), Populated places established in the 3rd century BC, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the New International Encyclopedia, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2016, All articles with vague or ambiguous time, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2022, All articles needing additional references, Articles needing additional references from February 2022, Articles needing additional references from June 2020, Articles needing additional references from December 2019, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2019, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Iglesia de San Hiplito. Gardens of the Alczar de los Reyes Cristianos. [76], The Miocene Campia, located in the southern bank of the Guadalquivir, features a hilly landscape gently increasing in height up to about 200 m.[77] In the Sierra, to the north of the city, the altitude increases relatively abruptly up to 500 meters. [14], The first traces of human presence in the area are remains of a Neanderthal Man, dating to c. 42,000 to 35,000 BC. [83], Other Roman remains include the Roman Temple, the Theatre, Mausoleum, the Colonial Forum, the Forum Adiectum, an amphitheater and the remains of the Palace of Emperor Maximian in the archaeological site of Cercadilla. Destinasi Penerbangan Terpopuler Dekat Rome, Rute populer dari Bandara Friuli Venezia Giulia, Harga dijamin setelah pembayaran dikonfirmasi, pemesanan dijamin setelah tiket diterbitkan, Sistem pembayaran yang nyaman & tepercaya, Hak cipta 2022 Trip.com Travel Singapore Pte. [91][92], Near the Alczar de los Reyes Cristianos, on the site of the former Islamic-era Alczar, are the Caliphal Baths, a partly-reconstructed hammam (baths) complex created in the 10th century and subsequently expanded. [123] The futsal team plays the majority of its home games at the 3,500 seat Palacio Municipal de Deportes Vista Alegre. C. F. Seybold and M. Ocaa Jimnez, "uruba", in, Amir Hussain, "Muslims, Pluralism, and Interfaith Dialogue," in, sfn error: no target: CITEREFGonzlez_Jimnez2016 (, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Archaeological and Ethnological Museum of Crdoba, Palacio Municipal de Deportes Vista Alegre, List of twin towns and sister cities in Spain, "El mapa de las nuevas alcaldas 2019-2023", "Extensin superficial, altitud y poblacin de hecho de las provincias, capitales y municipios de ms de 20.000 habitantes. [58] The conquest was followed by the return to Santiago de Compostela of the church bells that had been looted by Almanzor and moved to Crdoba by Christian war prisoners in the late 10th century. A major 10th-century expansion resulted in the elaborate mihrab and other ornate embellishments seen today. The Governing Board, chaired by the mayor, consists of four IU councillors, three of PSOE, and three non-elected members. [89][additional citation(s) needed], The Calahorra is a fortified tower standing at the southern end of the city's Roman Bridge. [86]:326[90]:137 It now houses the Al-Andalus Living Museum (Museo Vivo de Al-Andalus), a museum on the cultural achievements of Al-Andalus. La moschea di Cordova. [27][28] In 785786 (169 AH) he ordered construction of the Great Mosque of Crdoba, which was completed the next year and underwent later expansions under his successors. [25] Over time, as many as 21 suburbs ( raba, pl. It has a length of about 250m and has 16 arches. 95340. Many of the works include paintings and motifs done by Julio Romero de Torres himself. Una caracterizacin geogrfica", "Inversiones de temperatura en el valle del Guadalquivir: un factor climtico de gran influencia en el medio ambiente de la ciudad de Crdoba", "Los inicios del ferrocarril en la provincia de Crdoba. [20][16] The Roman philosopher Seneca the Younger, his father, the orator Seneca the Elder, and his nephew, the poet Lucan came from Roman Crdoba.

Crdoba was in turn governed by direct Arab rule. Following the orders of the putschist General Queipo de Llano, he declared a state of war. Pennsula, Islas Baleares y Canarias", "Princes and Merchants: European City Growth before the Industrial Revolution", "This city now has more UNESCO Heritage sites than anywhere in the world", "Neanderthals Died Out Earlier Than Thought", "The application of network analysis to ancient transport geography: A case study of Roman Baetica", "Crdoba, de la conquista musulmana a la conquista cristiana", "Spain from the 6th to 12th Century History", "Las monedas de los Ban ahwar de Crdoba - 422 - 462 h. / 1031-1070d.C. The Archaeological and Ethnological Museum of Crdoba is a provincial museum located near the Guadalquivir River. The centre of the mosque was converted into a large Catholic cathedral. Jardines de la Victoria.

[75], The city of Crdoba lies in the middle course of the river. arb) developed around the city. It was initially built in the early 1st century BC during the reign of emperor Augustus but significantly rebuilt in the 8th century under Umayyad rule. [24] Unlike other Iberian towns, no capitulation was signed and the position was taken by storm. Yosemite Hiking trail tips. When its defenders began fleeing the building, Rodrguez de Len finally decided to surrender and was arrested. [citation needed] The first historical mention of a settlement dates to the Carthaginian expansion across the Guadalquivir. The new Umayyad commanders established themselves within the city and in 716 it became the provincial capital,[24] subordinate to the Caliphate of Damascus, replacing Seville. [109][110] The Museum of Fine Arts contains many works from the baroque period, medieval renaissance art, work from the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries, drawings, mannerist art and other unique works. In the Guadalquivir river, near the San Rafael Bridge is the Island of the sculptures, an artificial island with a dozen stone sculptures executed during the International Sculpture Symposium. Crdoba has the highest summer temperatures in Spain and Europe, with average high temperatures around 37C (99F) in July and August. The UNESCO status has since been expanded to encompass the whole historic centre of Crdoba, Medina-Azahara and Festival de los Patios. [49]:40 Crdoba was seized by force in March 1091 by the Almoravids. [47], In 1070, forces from the Abbadid Taifa of Seville entered Crdoba to help in the defence of the city, that had been besieged by Al-Mamun, ruler of Toledo, yet they took control and expelled the last ruler of the taifa of Crdoba, Abd-Al Malik, forcing him to exile. The Archaeological and Ethnological Museum has eight halls which contain pieces from the middle to late Bronze Age, to Roman culture, Visigothic art, and Islamic culture. It was the only bridge of the city for twenty centuries, until the construction of the San Rafael Bridge in the mid-20th century. It is a fortress which occupies an area of about 12,500 square metres. It is the third most populated municipality in Andalusia and the 11th overall in the country. The city primarily lies on the right bank of the Guadalquivir, in the south of the Iberian Peninsula. [13], The name Crdoba has attracted a number of fanciful explanations. Jardines Juan Carlos I, in the Ciudad Jardn neighborhood. [76], Crdoba has a hot Mediterranean climate (Kppen climate classification Csa). These are called the Triumphs of Saint Raphael, and are located in landmarks such as the Roman Bridge, the Puerta del Puente and the Plaza del Potro. Precipitation is generated by storms from the west that occur most frequently from December to February. Between 143 and 141 BC the town was besieged by Viriatus. This Atlantic characteristic then gives way to a hot summer with significant drought more typical of Mediterranean climates. Crdoba (/krdb/; Spanish:[kooa]),[a] or Cordova (/krdv/)[6][7] in English, is a city in Andalusia, Spain, and the capital of the province of Crdoba. It underwent significant modifications in the 16th century but much of the original structure remains. 3 moderate trails for a day hike. It retains characteristics of Islamic architecture in the region, including a double horseshoe-arch windows. Further south, in the Gardens of the Duke of Rivas, is a statue of writer and poet ngel de Saavedra, 3rd Duke of Rivas by sculptor Mariano Benlliure. [85][88], Along the banks of the Guadalquivir are the Mills of the Guadalquivir, an array of watermills from different periods that used the power of the water current to grind flour. As of 2019[update] Jos Mara Bellido Roche (PP) is the mayor of Crdoba. [77] Both the Sierra and the Campia display viewpoints over the valley. [citation needed], From 784- 786 AD, Abd al-Rahman I built the Great Mosque of Crdoba, one of the most famous monuments of Western Islamic (Moorish) architecture.