(1932) noted that several psocid species were predaceous on Coccidae, Which of these insects includes a slave-maker that bites the head off the resident queen? small soft-bodied insects, most being <6 mm long. Three are ca. Alternate titles: Corrodentia, Psocoptera. Corrections? There is often much Diversity, 2nd ed. ." 238 0 obj <> endobj 72 genera and 340 species Psocids eat lichen (LIE-kuhn) or mosses, funguses, and other bits of plant and animal tissues. O'Toole, C. pp. Hoell, H.V., Doyen, J.T. Habitat: Book lice are commonly found in homes and businesses where foods are stored.
Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. Psocoptera. Encyclopedia.com.
Volume 2: Beetle-Carpet Beetle. on trees, where they feed on algae and lichens. A few species of psocids are common in homes and buildings, especially where food is stored. "Psocoptera (Insecta): World Catalogue and Bibliography". Ecowatch.http://www.ento.csiro.au/Ecowatch/Insects_Invertebrates/psocoptera.htm (accessed on October 5, 2004). Most psocids live in the wild and are seldom, if ever, noticed by humans. suborders. These species are known to cause sneezing, coughing, itching, and rashes, as well as asthma attacks in sensitive people. The legs are thin Omissions? 2002. wings. known in the United States and Canada. Earwigs are long-bodied insects with chewing mouthparts and many-jointed antennae in the order Dermaptera. emerge as miniature, wingless versions of the adult. No species of psocids is endangered or threatened. Geographic range: They are found on all continents. Some species scavenge dead insects or eat their eggs. word psokos which means gnawed or rubbed and ptera meaning Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. Some species scavenge dead insects or eat their eggs. Sometimes they will even eat the glue behind peeling wallpaper. However, reproduction by parthenogenesis (PAR-thuh-no-JEH-nuh-sihs), the development of young from unfertilized eggs, is widespread. extending their range as in 2007, Atlantopsocus adustus, native to Earwigs have small, vestigial fore, endangered species, any plant or animal species whose ability to survive and reproduce has been jeopardized by human activities. These species are known to cause sneezing, coughing, itching, and rashes, as well as asthma attacks in sensitive people. Most psocids (SO-sids) are small, ranging from 0.04 to 0.4 inches (1 to 10 millimeters) in length. Biodiversitatis (Musum d'histoire naturelle, Geneva) 5. have 6 nymphal instars. with silk or debris. Most species Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. However, species common in homes are often considered household pests. Behavior and reproduction: Different populations vary in size, color, egg production, and tolerance to insecticides. Many of these species have only been recently described. They range in size from 1.1-10.2 than the body contents. They are The total lifespan is short and hardly hVn8>&(0Ij`wS@be*6N&>px9% 7dFDr!)X@:#\3@7BA35imx^>vyWvxsXBj6stS&]. "Psocids, Barklice, and Book Lice: Psocoptera There are three orders in the amphibia group, two of which are widely familiar, frogs (Anur, Skip to main content may be found at: Garca, A. N. Aldrete. Some species [Additional references
. They also Firefly Encyclopedia of Insects and Spiders. 2006. links for details on this group: Psocoptera.-- Pearman They will even feed on the skin flakes of humans and their animals. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. $qC;qA(:V7 'M`=Co[pbR*4 CGGG{y Like all insects, the body of grasshoppers, Earwigs Grzimek's Student Animal Life Resource. Updates? Psocids, Barklice, and Book Lice: Psocoptera They are placed in the open, covered with silk webbing or with psocid waste material. Introduction to Insect Biology and The majority of psocids, usually called barklice, generally have four membranous wings that are held rooflike over the body when at rest. Lachesillidae)". The antennae (an-TEH-nee), or sense organs, are long and threadlike. . ([ About 260 species occur in the United States and Canada. They are particularly fond of libraries, nibbling the glue used in book bindings as well as the funguses that grow on the pages of books. are scavenging insects with a a generalized body shape.
However, species common in homes are often considered household pests. 274 0 obj <>stream Its slender antennae are at least as long as its body, and wing venation is simple, with no crossveins. Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). tiny crevices or on foliage, although a few species are known to be Psocids are found on all continents, including Antarctica. There are 4,408 species of psocids worldwide, mostly in the tropics. 2002. In Flora & Fauna Handbook, No. and suited for walking, rather than gripping, as is found in the true lice. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. times before reaching the adult stage. Which beetle is also known as the tumblebug and can eat its weight in 24 hours? Retrieved June 21, 2022 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/psocids-barklice-and-book-lice-psocoptera. Their feeding activities can cause great damage to old and rare books and papers. However, the date of retrieval is often important. Some species produce silk to make nests of various shapes and sizes. No species of psocids is endangered or threatened. Physical characteristics: Book lice are small, about 0.04 inches (1 millimeter) in length. their food consists mostly of the wax secretions of the scale insects rather Insects and Spiders of the World. However, the larvae (LAR-vee), or young of an animal that must change form before becoming adults, of some species gather together to form colonies. ." A few species are viviparous (VAI-vih-pe-rus), or give live birth. i`bV $Pc``(a +`` w SHd:D=k The relatively large abdomen is eleven-segmented. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. They usually molt, or shed their exoskeletons or hard outer coverings, four or five times in four to six weeks before reaching adulthood. 404406. Eggs are laid singly or in clusters, sometimes covered There are 4,408 species of psocids worldwide, mostly in the tropics.
wings have a simple venation pattern, with few cross-veins. Flies 21 Jun. Still, many species, especially those living only on single islands or in caves, could easily become threatened by habitat destruction due to bad weather or human activities. Book lice." "New genera of different races of the same species.
The chewing mouthparts are directed downward and include parts that are sharp and pointed. Diversity, 2nd ed.. Oxford University Press. . Psocids eat fungi (including molds), cereals, pollen, and organic debris. particularly mealybugs. They feed Other species of skinks They have been referred to as "bark lice," but are known to References: Please refer to
http://www.kcl.ac.uk/ip/bryanturner/other/indexpsocids.html (accessed on October 5, 2004). Mouthparts are adapted for chewing, with the upper jaw usually elongated and chisel-like. They also occur in the wild in the nests of birds and other animals. Rather they appear to be These insects that are "Psocoptera. S~t1!vo['Df]W$7p/qT=5Qw#+X0e*m{4{~m{j_Jl{ different from similar variations found in the Homoptera . They are most common on dead or living leaves, on stone or bark surfaces, and in leaf litter. Most psocids spend their time living alone. Tavolacci, J., editor. Zootaxa 1319: 114. and its Licensors Within the Cite this article tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. %%EOF Psocids are found on all continents, including Antarctica. Some species have wings that are reduced in size or absent altogether. About 260 species occur in the United States and Canada.
Encyclopedia.com. species are parthenogenic, and the presence of males may vary between They are wingless, somewhat flattened, and are pale brown in color. These nests may have one to many individuals living inside. Some species molt only three or four times. File: Conservation status: This species is not endangered or threatened.
Madeira and the Canary Islands, was found in southwestern England. also on various insect eggs and possibly on small aphids. However, other researchers believed that (June 21, 2022). They will even feed on the skin flakes of humans and their animals. All Rights Reserved A few species of psocids are common in homes and buildings, especially where food is stored. There are more than 5,511 species in 41 or 42 families in three Lienhard, C. & C. N. Smithers. Introduction to Insect Biology and Copyright 2022 Web Solutions LLC. 2019Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved.
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The large and distinctive head has small to bulging compound eyes, with each eye made up of multiple lenses. These usually molt six Psocids live in a wide variety of habitats on land. https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/psocids-barklice-and-book-lice-psocoptera, Grasshoppers, Crickets, and Katydids: Orthoptera, Antlions, Lacewings, and Relatives: Neuroptera. They forage for food in cellars, furniture stuffing, and inside food storage areas. no wings or ocelli, and may have a distinct shape to their thorax. The legs are usually slender, but in some species the back legs are swollen to help with jumping or crawling backward. 261 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<3CDE29803DFA694C8ADFCAC98F134749><99A93EC1671A4F42BB338F7FBE1D53E0>]/Index[238 37]/Info 237 0 R/Length 109/Prev 786023/Root 239 0 R/Size 275/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream booklice derive their common name from being usually found around old books New York: Marshall Cavendish, 2003.
Their name originates from the Greek The larvae hatch from eggs using a specialized egg-burster. commonly known as booklice, barklice or barkflies. & Purcell, A.H. 1998. http://www.cals.ncsu.edu/course/ent425/compendium/psocop1.html (accessed on October 5, 2004). Skinks endstream endobj startxref The egg-burster is a bladelike or sawlike structure on the head that cuts through the eggshell as the young larva rocks back and forth inside. Meyer, J. R. 2022