This can lead to injuries, notably "fight bite" where, when punching an opponent, a tooth may cut the hand and bacteria in the opponent's mouth may infect the wound. [84] As of the Census of Ireland 2016 58.1% of Irish Travellers were under the age of 25, with 31.9% of this age group married. In Ireland, 2.6% of all deaths in the total population were for people aged under 25, versus 32% for the Travellers. Some 10% of Traveller children die before their second birthday, compared to just 1% of the general population. [28] In 2011, researchers at the Royal College of Surgeons in Dublin and the University of Edinburgh analysed DNA samples from 40Travellers. [89]:153, Irish Travellers lived as cohabiters who "married at one time without religious or civil ceremony. The United Kingdom alone is believed to be home to up to 300,000 Traveller people. [83], Marriage among Travellers in their late teens is common. As a result, they (along with other itinerant groups) were referred to as "tinkler", "tynkere", or "tinkers" (all meaning "tin smith"); in later years, these terms were considered derogatory. Ethnic identity is also marked by the recognition from others of a group's distinctiveness and by common cultural, linguistic, religious, behavioural or biological traits. High infant mortality among Roma was also observed in Italy, however the data may be outdated. In addition to those on various official sites there are a number who are settled in local authority housing. From the 2006 Irish census it was determined that 20,975 dwell in urban areas and 1,460 were living in rural areas. In theory, Roma people have the same citizenship rights in Europe and many programmes have been developed, aimed at improving their situation. Still, according to Margareta Matache, a Roma rights activist and Instructor at Harvard University, this gap between the Roma and non-Roma population in terms of access to health services, early education and care, and life expectancy has not closed in the last 25 years. There were found to be 9,301 Travellers in the 014 age range, comprising 41.5% of the Traveller population, and a further 3,406 of them were in the 1524 age range, comprising 15.2%. In 2016, the USA's Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for the United Kingdom stated that Irish Travellers reported receiving discrimination on "racial or ethnic grounds" in the country, and stated that the High Court had ruled that the government had illegally discriminated against Travellers by unlawfully subjecting planning applications to special scrutiny. Female Travellers have especially high mortality compared to settled women. The segregation of Traveller children from their settled peers led to worse outcomes in regards to undertaking state examinations, and levels of numeracy and literacy. [74], In the Traveller community, bare-knuckle boxing is seen as a way to resolve disputes and uphold family honour, as shown in the 2011 documentary Knuckle. Irish Travellers do not like to share the language with outsiders, named "Buffers", or non-Travellers. to enquire into the problem arising from the presence in the country of itinerants in considerable numbers; to examine the economic, educational, health and social problems inherent in their way of life; to provide opportunities for a better way of life for itinerants.

The documentary series Big Fat Gypsy Weddings (2010, 2011, and 2012) has been commercially successful in the United Kingdom, offering glimpses of Traveller life as viewed at real-life weddings.

Increasing life expectancy must start from early childhood and even during pregnancy, not only addressing risk factors and health threats but also considering childrens development see for examples these studies published in the International Journal of Equity Health and in Social Science and Medicine which show a strong positive association between the educational attainment of an individual and their health and longevity. Matache has gone further, calling for reparations, in the same way as other governments have compensated previous occurrences of Roma discrimination, EPHA has already set out some more concrete recommendations, The European Health Data Space: promises and obstacles ahead, A French perspective on the European Health Data Space: health users as stakeholders, Antibiotic incentives in the revision of the EU pharmaceutical legislation, Mission 1000: Midwives help with antenatal care and care of babies in Slovakia. The best fit was estimated at 360years ago, giving an approximate date in the 1650s. Data is less able to explain the cause(s) of the difference between Roma and non-Roma health and to sufficiently explore issues around the impact of specific social determinants on particular health outcomes, while examination of the statistics shows particular groups of Roma are even more affected. [34], Jean-Pierre Ligeois[fr] writes that the Irish Traveller Gammon vocabulary is derived from pre-13th-century Gaelic idioms with ten per cent Indian origin Romani language vocabulary. Such infections can lead to permanent disability if left untreated. [96] While 10,653 Travellers were in the labour force, the vast majority, 8,541 (80.2%), were unemployed. [12] They represent 0.7% of the total population of the Republic of Ireland.

[21], Many different theories have been put forward to explain the origins of Ireland's itinerant population. The Georgia Travellers' camp is made up of about eight hundred families, the Mississippi Travellers, about three hundred families, and the Texas Travellers, under fifty families. Rue de Trves 49-51, When speaking Shelta in front of Buffers, Travellers will disguise the structure so as to make it seem like they are not speaking Shelta at all. [32](p552 discussion), Irish Travellers speak English and sometimes one of two dialects of SheltaGammon (or Gamin) and Irish Traveller Cant.

The Task Force on the Travelling Community (19931995) moved to an intercultural paradigm. The Cant spoken in the US is similar to the Cant spoken in Ireland, but differs in some respects in that the language has transformed into a type of pidgin English over the generations. <>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/Annots[ 32 0 R 33 0 R 34 0 R 36 0 R] /MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> [37][unreliable source? [39], There was no specific state focus on Travellers prior to the creation of an independent Irish state in 1922. The gap in longevity may be a decade or more. They are often incorrectly referred to as "Gypsies",[4] but Irish Travellers are not genetically related to the Romani, who are of Indo-Aryan origin.

[50] In 2006 the number was 22,369. [20], Deeper documentation of Shelta and the Travellers dates to the 1830s, but knowledge of Irish Travellers has been seen from the 1100s, as well as the 1500s~1800s. [85][86] Irish Travellers generally marry other Irish Travellers. With an overall population of just 0.5% some areas were found to have a higher proportion, with high Traveller concentrations in Clare, Dublin, Galway and Limerick.

Shows like The Riches (20072008), the American television series featuring Eddie Izzard and Minnie Driver, take a deeper look into the Traveller lifestyle. Indeed, for many years, published information has persistently shown the Roma population has a markedly lower life expectancy than the general population. The self reported figure for collective Gypsy/Traveller populations were 63,193[54] but estimates of Irish Travellers living in Great Britain range are about 15,000[55] as part of a total estimation of over 300,000 Romani and other Traveller groups in the UK. [108], The passing of the Caravan Sites Act 1968 safeguarded Travellers' right to a site, but the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 repealed part II of the 1968 act, removing the duty on local authorities in the UK to provide sites for Travellers and giving them the power to close down existing sites. PLEASE NOTE THAT THE EPHA OFFICES ARE CLOSED UNTIL FURTHER NOTICE. endobj [104] Travellers are often viewed by settled people in a negative light, perceived as insular, anti-social, 'drop-outs' and 'misfits',[105] or believed to be involved in criminal and mendicant behaviour, or settling illegally on land owned by others. [67] The Irish Traveller Movement, a community advocacy group, promotes equal access to education for Traveller children. They experience discrimination in not having equal access to education, being denied service in pubs, shops, and hotels,[36] and being subject to derogatory language. [48] This gap has dramatically reduced over time; in 1987 the Irish Traveller birth rate was at 5.3 children per woman compared to the general Irish population's 2.3, while in 2008 the Irish Traveller birth rate was at 2.9 children per woman compared to the general Irish population's 2.1. ", "A Social Portrait of Travellers in Ireland", "Irish Travellers - Socio-economic Aspects and Housing - CSO - Central Statistics Office", "Traveller wins discrimination case over school's 'father rule', "School wins appeal over exclusion of Traveller", "How Tyson Fury's words shine a light on Traveller faith", "Pugilism among Irish Travelers: cultural tradition and the fight bite injury", "50% of Travellers die before 39 - study", "Minister Harney Launches All-Ireland Traveller Health Study", "Life expectancy of Irish travellers still at 1940s levels despite economic boom", "50% of Travellers die before 39 per study", "Towards a sociological understanding of Irish Travellers: introducing a people", "Study urges genetic counselling for cousins who marry", "Sympathy Is Short-Lived for Irish Minority Group After Deadly Fire", "Young among the most prejudiced, expert finds", "Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2016", "Irish Travellers Aged 15 Years and Over 2011 to 2016 (Number) by County and City, Sex, Principal Economic Status and Census Year", "Press Statement Census 2016 Results Profile 8 - Irish Travellers, Ethnicity and Religion", "First 'new-look' regulated Smithfield Horse Fair on Sunday", "Gypsies and Irish Travellers: The facts", "Garda injured after riot squad called to Traveller pub battle", "Voices Unheard: Irish Travellers in Prison", "Dale Farm Travellers: 'We won't just get up and leave', "Racism in Ireland: Travellers Fighting Back", "Minceirs Whiden make a Submission to the Oireachtas Committee", Traveller Equality Project, Irish Chaplaincy in Britain, Traveller Heritage and Photo Site from Navan Travellers Workshops, Traveller and Roma Collection at the University of Limerick, The Travellers: Ireland's Ethnic Minority, London Gypsy and Travellers Unit, Representing Traveller's issues in North and East London, Friends, Families and Travellers. Tv++)e}Y12o1*lb~TH=rubCvGBVWD9?Tq wkCPEPBm3xn~6x#Xcn|?V)Rh. 1 0 obj [65][pageneeded][106][failed verification], In 1960 a government body was set up to conduct research into the Travelling Community in the Republic of Ireland. In the United Kingdom, families in travelling Roma populations are five times more at risk of experiencing premature infant mortality than settled communities. to promote their absorption into the general community, pending such absorption, to reduce to a minimum the disadvantages to themselves and to the community resulting from their itinerant habits and, Cork Traveller Visibility Group Ltd. (founded early 1990s), Itinerant Settlement Committee (1960s1980s), Justice 4 All Women & Children (founded in 2015), Minceirs Whiden Ireland, the all-Traveller Forum, Travellers' Education and Development Group (founded in 1984), This page was last edited on 7 July 2022, at 19:49. [13] There are different estimates about the size of the total population of people with Traveller ancestry, because many people of Traveller descent do not declare themselves Travellers. Four distinct genetic clusters were identified in the 2017 study, and these match social groupings within the community.[31]. nicoleta.diaconu@epha.org [95], According to the 2016 Irish census, 4,524 of 9,055 Travellers over the age of 15 (50%) were "Unemployed having lost or given up previous job". 1993. A 1997 American film, Traveller, starring Bill Paxton and Mark Wahlberg, also explored the Travellers in America.

Across the countries included in the report, data on life expectancy for Roma populations was available for 12 of 31 countries with estimates ranging from 7- 20 years shorter lives. A 1986 study reported that 39% of marriages in the study were between first cousins. "[60][34], The largest and most affluent population of about 2,500 lives in Murphy Village, outside of the town of North Augusta, South Carolina. Office of the Children's Ombudsman report, BritishIrish Intergovernmental Conference, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Irish_Travellers&oldid=1096960830, Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from September 2010, "Related ethnic groups" needing confirmation, Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from May 2016, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2022, Articles with failed verification from April 2022, Articles lacking reliable references from December 2015, Articles lacking reliable references from November 2016, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from May 2011, Articles with failed verification from May 2011, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. the prevalence resulted from marriages made largely within and among the Traveller community. The health of Irish Travellers is significantly poorer than that of the general population in Ireland. 2 0 obj [100][101][102] An ethnic group is defined as one whose members identify with each other, usually on the basis of a presumed common genealogy or ancestry. EPHA has already set out some more concrete recommendations to strengthen the EUs future efforts on Roma integration, and Roma health, following the current EU-Roma framework after 2020. [36] Gaelic language expert Kuno Meyer and Romani language linguist John Sampson both asserted that Shelta existed as far back as the 13th century, 300 years before the first Romani populations arrived in Ireland or Britain. The commission had no Traveller representatives, and while attempts were made to consult Travellers, these were "bizarre" unannounced visits which resulted in little input into the report. [71], Irish Travellers have a long history of bare-knuckle boxing. [53], In 2011, for the first time, the census category "Irish Traveller" was introduced as part of the broader Gypsy/Traveller section. [citation needed] Another theory is of a pre-Gaelic origin, where Travellers are descended from a community that lived in Ireland prior to the arrival of the Celts. Denying some 6 million Roma EU citizens fair conditions and access for the best possible health is not only a matter of social justice, but a question of how Europe manages its most important resource its people. [99], Since the majority of Irish Travellers' employment is either self-employment or wage labour, income and financial status varies greatly from family to family. What can we do to ensure more effective policies for Roma people? Roma is a young population 40% are children and adolescents. [43][45], On 30 May 2019 the Oireachtas (Irish parliament) established a joint committee "on Key Issues affecting the Traveller Community". A famous example was the occupation of Dale Farm in Essex in 2010. [60][34] While some sources estimate their population in the US to be 10,000, others suggest their population is 40,000. [109] The Travellers claim that there is an under-provision of authorised sites. They are too small a minority, i.e., 0.5 per cent, to survive in a meaningful manner without ongoing and supportive personal contact with their fellow citizens in the settled community. Sign up here to receive our updates on European health policy and invitations to our events. The language is made up mostly of Irish lexicon, being classified as a grammar-lexicon language with the grammar being English-based. Every additional average year of life expectancy is worth a boost to GDP of up to 4%. [23] One idea is of their being distantly related to a Celtic group that invaded Ireland. According to research published in 1992, Irish Travellers in the US divide themselves up into groups that are based on historical residence: Ohio Travellers, Georgia Travellers, Texas Travellers, and Mississippi Travellers. Issues with traditionally travelling groups came under loosely defined vagrancy laws, from when Ireland was part of the United Kingdom. They and the children may or may not travel in the summer but remain in close contact with the wider Irish Traveller community. These include public common land and private plots such as large fields and other privately owned land. In Northern Ireland, opposition to Travellers' sites has been led by the Democratic Unionist Party.

[27], Genetic evidence reported in 2000 regarding Irish Travellers supported Irish ancestry; several distinct subpopulations; and the distinctiveness of the midland counties due to Viking influence. [51] A further 1,700 to 2,000 were estimated to live in Northern Ireland.[52]. This is evidenced in a 2007 report published in Ireland, which states that over half of Travellers do not live past the age of 39 years.

2009, p. 119, "Divided society: ethnic minorities and racism in Northern Ireland" (, (formerly the National Association of Travellers' Centres), (About carrier testing to determine the risks of genetic disorders in Irish Traveller cousin marriages), (A community development organisation which works to support Travellers in their day to day lives so they can participate in Irish society as equals. Matache has gone further, calling for reparations, in the same way as other governments have compensated previous occurrences of Roma discrimination. [57], There are also a number of Irish Traveller communities in the Home counties. "[90]:246, According to Christopher Griffin, sociology and anthropology lecturer at Edith Cowan University, arranged Irish Traveller marriages in the early-21st century "safeguard the girl's [interests] by securing a man who won't mistreat her. "[90]:258 Into the early 20th century about one-third of Irish Travellers were "married according to the law. "though many of them crossed the Atlantic in centuries past to play their trade". <>>> [75], Apart from boxing, Irish Travellers, including women, are involved in sports such as football (soccer) and Gaelic handball.[76]. [40](pp28,106) This assimilation was to be achieved by the effective criminalisation of nomadism, and the report paved the way for an increasing state emphasis on criminal laws and penalties for trespass. The study provided evidence that Irish Travellers are a genetically distinct Irish ethnic minority which has been distinct from the settled Irish community for at least 1,000years: The report claimed that Travellers are as distinct from the settled community as Icelanders are from Norwegians. Good Roma population health is a pre-condition for full participation in social life and the labour market, and the statistics prove the value of investing in Roma health. The mobile nature and traditions of a Gaelic society based on pastoralism rather than land tenure before this event implies that Travellers represent descendants of the Gaelic social order marginalised during the change-over to an English landholding society. [61] Other communities exist in Memphis, Tennessee, Hernando, Mississippi, and near White Settlement, Texas, where the families stay in their homes during the winter, and leave during the summer, while smaller enclaves can be found across Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi. Preventing Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs), Science and Technology in childhood Obesity Policy (STOP). [65] Traveller children were reported in 2017 to leave education at a younger age than children in the settled community, with 28% leaving the education system by age 13. The Gypsy Council estimates an under-provision amounts to insufficient sites for 3,500 people. [63] They have been known to follow a strict code of behaviour that dictates some of their moral beliefs and influences their actions. Almost 1 in 8 Travellers (11.3%) stated that they were unable to work due to a disability, which was almost three times the rate of the general population (4.3%). 97110). Brownlee, Attracta, "Irish travellers and 'powerful priests'" (pp. %PDF-1.5 [56], The London Boroughs of Harrow and Brent contain significant Irish Traveller populations. [84]:110111[87]:156[a] According to Judith Okely's work on Travellers in Britain in the 1970s, "there is no large time span between puberty and marriage", and the typical marriage age was 1617 for females and 1819 for males. Shelta has been dated back to the 18th century but may be older.

Irish Travellers (Irish: na lucht siil, meaning "the walking people"), also known as Pavees or Mincirs[2] (Shelta: Mincir),[3] are a traditionally peripatetic ethno-cultural group originating in Ireland.[4][5][6]. [26][24](pp43,56), According to Helleiner (2003),[18] current scholarship is investigating the background of Gaelic Ireland before the English Tudor conquest. [21] The culture of Irish Travellers resembles the culture of other itinerant communities with regard to self-employment; family networks; birth, marriage, and burial rituals; taboos; and folklore. They typically work in asphalting, spray-painting, laying linoleum, or as itinerant workers to earn their living. The Commission on Itinerancy operated under the auspices of the Department of Justice, the persons were appointed by the Junior Minister Charles Haughey. [16], There are numerous theories and oral histories surrounding the origins of Irish Travellers as a distinct group. Furthermore "feuding was felt to be the result of a dearth of pastimes and [of] illiteracy, historically comparable to features of rural Irish life before the Famine. This was made up of senior representatives of the Irish state, judges, Garda (Irish police), religious organisations and numerous farming lobby groups such as Macra na Feirme. [7][8] Genetic analysis has shown Travellers to be of Irish extraction, and that they likely diverged from the settled Irish population in the 1600s, likely during the time of the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland. [35] Since Shelta is a mixture of English and Irish grammar, the etymology is not straightforward. [68] In the Census of Ireland 2016, 167 Travellers are enumerated as having a third level educational qualification, a rise from 89 in 2011. Engage for a sustainable food system! [24][failed verification] There is also a theory that an indigenous, itinerant community of craftsmen are the ancestors of Travellers, and unlike the Celts, they never settled down.

Ethnicity and the American cemetery by Richard E. Meyer. [58], An estimated 10,000 people in the United States are descendants of Travellers who left Ireland, mostly between 1845 and 1860 during the Great Famine. The Body's membership included Travellers. /@F-DQUbj&\*,D%Q^ O_)UyZ=0r-c|tZ1P=eo.#|#0\.-))MO-FM(*`$# by Marius Tudor | May 31, 2018 | Health Inequalities, Roma Health | Analysis and Opinion, By Marius Tudor, Roma Health Project Manager andMyriam Cheddadi, Policy Assistant. % ), (A group of professionals and community activists whose aim is to highlight the humanitarian crisis on Spring Lane halting site & advocate for change), predominant religion in the Republic of Ireland, Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices, Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994, List of Irish Traveller-related depictions and documentaries, "A Brief History of the Insitutionalisation of Discrimination Against Irish Travellers", "Study on ancestry of Irish Travellers details genetic connection to settled community", "Genomic insights into the population structure and history of the Irish Travellers", "Taoiseach formally recognises ethnic status", "Irish Travellers - Demographics - CSO - Central Statistics Office", Tackling inequalities faced by Gypsy, Roma and Traveller communities Contents, "Tullamore Journal; Travelers' Tale: Irish Nomads Make Little Headway", "Travellers and communal identity: Memory, trauma, and the trope of cultural disappearance", "International law and the ethnicity of Irish Travellers", "The origins of the Irish travellers and the genetic structure of Ireland", "DNA study: Travellers a distinct ethnicity", "Travellers as 'genetically different' from settled Irish as Spanish", "Genetic basis of transferase-deficient galactosaemia in Ireland and the population history of the Irish Travellers", ITM Review of the 1963 Commission on Itinerancy, The making of the Irish Traveller Community: Mobility discourse, settlement policies and the Irish state 1950-2010, Committee on Key Issues affecting the Traveller Community, "Census of Population 2016 Profile 8 Irish Travellers, Ethnicity and Religion", All Ireland Traveller Health Study - The Birth Cohort Study, "2011 Census: Ethnic group1, local authorities in the United Kingdom", "Traveller Health: A National Strategy 20022005", "Every Gypsy and Traveller caravan site in England mapped and listed", "Who are the Irish Travellers in the United States? Following the findings of the All Ireland Traveller Health Study (estimates for 2008), the figure for Northern Ireland was revised to 3,905 and that for the Republic to 36,224. To detect their financial status many look to the state of the possessions: their trailer, motor vehicle, domestic utensils, and any other valuables. [79] The main results of the study were published in 2010.[80]. Every Euro invested in public health gives an average return of 14 euro to the economy. [102], The European Parliament Committee of Enquiry on Racism and Xenophobia found them to be among the most discriminated-against ethnic groups in Ireland[103] and yet their status remains insecure in the absence of widespread legal endorsement. 1040 Brussels (BELGIUM), Transparency Register Number:

[66] Advice and Information for Gypsies and Travellers, 'The website of Cork Traveller Visibility Group Ltd', 'The Facebook page of Spring Lane Site Solidarity Group'. [33] Cant, which derives from Irish, is a combination of English and Shelta. [62], Irish Travellers in the US are said to speak English and Shelta, a form of Cant. [98] They are often involved in dealing scrap metals, e.g., 60% of the raw material for Irish steel is sourced from scrap metal, approximately 50% (75,000 metric tonnes) segregated by the community at a value of more than 1.5million. As of 2016, 201 1519-year-old enumerated Irish Travellers identified themselves as married, down from 250 in 2011. [60][34], Travellers have a distinctive approach to religion; the vast majority of them are practising Roman Catholics and they also pay particular attention to issues of healing.

[4] Religiously, the majority of Irish Travellers are Roman Catholic, the predominant religion in the Republic of Ireland. ][bettersourceneeded][discuss], Shelta is a cryptolect (secret language).

These are mostly women who wish their children to have a chance at a formal education. stream

[14], Travellers refer to themselves as Mincirs or Mincir[15] or Pavees, or in Irish as an Lucht Siil ("the walking people").

"[93] The general prejudice against Travellers hinders efforts by the central government to integrate Travellers into Irish society. Many decrees against begging in England were directed at Travellers, passed by King EdwardVI around 1551; for example the "Acte for tynckers and pedlers". [72] Irish Traveller Francie Barrett represented Ireland at the 1996 Olympics, while Andy Lee fought for Ireland at the 2004 Olympics and later became the first Traveller to win a professional boxing world championship when he won the WBO middleweight title in 2014. The study, including a detailed census of Traveller population and an examination of their health status, was expected to take up to three years to complete. For the United Kingdom census classification, see, Migration to the United Kingdom from Europe. [59] However, there are no official population figures regarding Irish Travellers in the United States as the US census does not recognise them as an ethnic group. [citation needed], Irish Travellers are not an entirely homogeneous group, instead reflecting some of the variation also seen in the settled population. In his 1993 documentary "Rules of the Road" German filmmaker Oliver Herbrich portrayed the Travellers in Ireland and the UK as a nomadic ethnic group forced to adapt to settled lifestyle. PLEASE CONTACT MEMBERS OF THE STAFF BY EMAIL. [29], In 2017 a further genetic study using profiles of 50Irish Travellers, 143European Roma, 2,232settled Irish, 2,039British and 6,255European or worldwide individuals, confirmed ancestral origins from within the general population of Ireland. Many families choose not to reveal the specifics of their finances, but when explained it is very difficult to detect any sort of pattern or regular trend of monthly or weekly income.

[47], Irish Travellers have a higher fertility rate than the general Irish population; the Central Statistics Office of Ireland recorded in 2016 that 44.5% of Traveller women aged 4049 had 5 or more children, compared to 4.2% of women overall in this age group. [73] Tyson Fury is of Irish Traveller heritage and defeated long-reigning Wladimir Klitschko in 2015 to become the unified heavyweight world champion. [42], At the time, about 60% of Irish Travellers lived in barrel-roofed horse-drawn wagons, with almost 40% still using tents in summer (fewer in winter).